Heart murmurs associated with diseases

Question 1

Systolic Crescendo-decrescendo

Answer 1

Aortic Stenosis

• Degenerative calcification (developed countries)
• Rheumatic fever (developing countries)

Question 2

Early diastolic decrescendo

Answer 2

Aortic Regurgitation

• 3ary syphilis (disruption of the vaso vasorum)
• Marfan (cystic medial degeneration
• Ankylosing spondylitis
• Endocarditis

Question 3

Holosystolic murmur loudest at the apex

Answer 3

Mitral Regurgitation

- Infectious endocarditis

Question 4

Late systolic crescendo murmur with mid systolic click best heard over the apex

Answer 4

Mitral valve prolapse

• Primary myxomatous degeneration
• Marfan or Ehlers-Danlos (2ary myxomatous degeneration
• Rheumatic fever

Question 5

Rumbling late diastolic murmur with an opening snap

Answer 5

Mitral Stenosis

- 2ary to rheumatic fever

Question 6

Holosystolic murmur loudest at the tricuspid area

Answer 6

Tricuspid regurgitation

• RV dilatation
• Infective endocarditis (IV drug users)
• Rheumatic fever

VSD

• Tetrology of Fallot
• Interventricular membrane rupture post MI

Question 7

Continuous machine-like murmur

Answer 7

PDA

- Congenital rubella

Question 8

Fixed splitting S2

Answer 8

ASD