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USMLE Step I > All da Drugs w/ MOA > Flashcards

All da Drugs w/ MOA Flashcards

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USMLE® Step 1 flashcards
1
Q

Streptogramins

Quinupristin/Dalfopristin

A

[ Protein synthesis inhibition ]

  • Inhibits 50S ribosomal subunit
  • Effective in treating vanc resistant S. aureus and Enterococcus
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2
Q

Penicillinase-resistant Penicillins [ -cillin ]

Methicillin, Oxacillin, Nafcillin

A

[ Inhibits cell wall synthesis ]

  • Inhibits cross linking of peptidoglycan
  • bactericidal
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3
Q

Chloramphenicol

A

[ Protein synthesis inhibition ]

  • Inhibits 50S ribosomal subunit
  • bacteriostatic
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4
Q

Nitroimidazoles [ -idazole ]

Metronidazole, Tinidazole

A

[Inhibition of DNA function]

- Forms toxic free radical metabolites

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5
Q

Ganciclovir

A

[ Targets CMV Kinase ]

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6
Q

Aminopenicillins [ -cillin ]

Ampicillin, AmOxicillin

A

[ Inhibits cell wall synthesis ]

  • Inhibits cross linking of peptidoglycan
  • bactericidal
  • Usually given with a beta-lactamase inhibitor
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7
Q

Statins

A

[ Inhibits HMG-CoA reductase]

  • Mostly lowers LDL
  • Lowers Triglycerides some
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8
Q

Niacin

A

[ Dec. fatty acid release ]
[ Dec. VLDL synthesis ]
- Both dec. LDL

[ Dec. HDL clearance ]
- Significant inc. in HDL

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9
Q

Acyclovir, Valacyclovir, Famciclovir [ -ciclovir ]

A

[ Targets HSV1/2 & VZV Thymidine Kinase ]

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10
Q

Carbapenems [ -penem ]

Imipenem/Cilastatin, Ertapenem

A

[ Inhibits cell wall synthesis ]

  • Inhibits cross linking of peptidoglycan
  • Bactericidal
  • Reserved for resistant organisms
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11
Q

Oxazolidinones

Linezolid

A

[ Protein synthesis inhibition ]

- Inhibits 50S ribosomal subunit

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12
Q

Tetracyclines [ -cycline ]

Tetracycline, Doxycycline, Minocycline

A

[ Protein synthesis inhibition ]

  • Inhibits 30S ribosomal subunit
  • bacteriostatic
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13
Q

[ -tide ]

Exenatide, Liraglutide

A

[ GLP-1 agonists ]

  • Increases glucose-dependent insulin secretion
  • Decreases glucagon secretion
  • Delays gastric emptying
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14
Q

Bile acid sequestrants

Cholestyramine

A

[ Bind bile acids in gut ]

  • Prevent reabsoption of bile acids
  • Lowers LDL some
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15
Q

Vancomycin

A

[ Inhibits cell wall synthesis ]

- Bactericidal

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16
Q

Neuraminidase Inhibitors [ -amivir ]

Zanamivir, Oseltamivir

A

[ Neuraminidase Inhibitors ]

- Prevents viral capsid egress

17
Q

( Acarbose, Miglitol )

A

[ alpha-glucosidase inhibitors ]

- Reduces intestinal disaccharide absorption

18
Q

Aminoglycosides [ -amycin ]

Tobramycin, Gentamycin, Streptomycin

A

[ Protein synthesis inhibition ]

  • Inhibits 30S ribosomal subunit
  • bactericidal
  • Broad spectrum gram negative
19
Q

Fibrates

Fenofibrate

A

[ Activate PPAR-alpha ]
[ Dec. VLDL synthesis ]
- Significantly dec. Triglicerides
- Inc. HDL some

20
Q

Sulfonylureas

A

[ Increases insulin secretion ]

- Inhibits beta-cell ATP-dependent K+ channels

21
Q

Ezetimibe

A

[Inhibits cholesterol absoption]

- Lowers LDL some

22
Q

Nitrofurantoin

A

[ Inhibition of DNA function ]

- Forms toxic free radical metabolites

23
Q

Fluroquinolones [ -floxacin ]

Ciprofloxacin, Levofloxacin, Moxifloxacin

A

[Inhibition of DNA function]

  • Inhibits topoisomerase II (DNA gyrase) and topoisomerase IV
  • bactericidal
24
Q

[ -gliptin ]

Sitagliptin, Saxagliptin

A

[ DPP4 inhibitors ]

- Increases endogenous GLP-1 & GIP levels

25
Q

Macrolides [ -omycin ]

Erythromycin, Azithromycin, Clarithromycin

A

[ Protein synthesis inhibition ]

  • Inhibits 50S ribosomal subunit
  • bacteriostatic (bactericidal at high doses )
26
Q

Penicillins [ -cillin ]

Pen G, Pen V

A

[ Inhibits cell wall synthesis ]

  • Inhibits cross linking of peptidoglycan
  • bactericidal
27
Q

Cilostazol

A

[ Inhibits platelet phosphodiesterase]

  • Decreases platelet aggregation
  • Direct arterial vasodilator
  • Used to treat PAD

ref: UWorld QID: 1080

28
Q

Anti-pseudomonal penicillin [ -cillin ]

Piperacillin, Ticarcillin

A

[ Inhibits cell wall synthesis ]

  • Inhibits cross linking of peptidoglycan
  • Bactericidal
  • Used mostly for Pseudomonas
29
Q

Sulfamethoxazole + Trimethoprim

TMP + SMX( Bactrum )

A

[ Folic Acid Biosynthesis inhibitors]

  • Inhibits bacterial PABA
  • bactericidal if given with Trimethoprim (TMP)
30
Q

Aztreonam

A

[ Inhibits cell wall synthesis ]

  • Inhibits cross linking of peptidoglycan
  • Bactericidal
  • Narrow spectrum; aerobic gram negative’s
31
Q

Metformin

A

[ Stimulates AMPK ]

  • Decreases gluconeogenesis
  • Decreases insulin resistance
32
Q

Fish oil / Omega-3-FA

A

[ Dec. VLDL synthesis ]
[ Dec. Apolipoprotein B synthesis ]
- Dec. Triglicerides
- Inc. HDL

33
Q

Thiazolidinediones [ -glitazone ]

Pioglitazone, Rosiglitazone

A

[ Activates PPAR-gamma ]

- Decreases insulin resistance

34
Q

Clindamycin

A

[ Protein synthesis inhibition ]

  • Inhibits 50S ribosomal subunit
  • bacteriostatic
  • Anaerobes
35
Q

Daptomycin

A

[ Cell Membrane Disruption ]

  • Bactericidal
  • Gram positive only
36
Q

[ -agliflozin ]

Canagliflozin, Dapagliflozin

A

[ SGLT2 inhibitors ]

- Increases renal glucose

USMLE Step I (25 decks)

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