Path-Vascular Flashcards
clinical sx of vascular dz
asymptomatic, bleeding, or ischemia
4 causes of esophageal bleeding
varices, mallory weiss tear, esophagitis, esophageal cancer
varices are blood backup within _______
submucosal veins
when increased intra-esophageal pressure leads to laceration of the esophageal mucosa/wall
mallory-weiss tear, boerhaave syndrome (both due to severe retching)
3 causes of stomach bleeding
PUD, gastric cancer, acute hemorrhagic gastritis (small petechial hemorrhages usually)
4 causes of small bowel ischemia/bleeding
ischemic bowel dz, meckel’s diverticulum, intussusception, volvulus
occlusive ischemic bowel disease occurs secondary to ? and is more common in (arteries/veins), (SMA/IMA), (young/old)
atherosclerosis, embolus, mechanical; arteries; SMA; old
non-occlusive ischemic bowel dz is due to?
hypotension, hypovolemia
clinical presentation of ischemic bowel dz
PAIN +/- lower GI bleeding
histopathologic changes seen in ischemic bowel dz
coagulative necrosis that is more severe on surface than base; distended submucosal veins; RBC extravasation (leaky vessels)
etiology of Meckel’s diverticulum
congenital retention of vitelline duct (to yolk sac)
pathogenesis of Meckel’s diverticulum
MAY harbor ectopic gastric mucosa or pancreatic tissue that degrades adjacent small bowel mucosa, leading to ulceration and bleeding
who get’s Meckel’s and when? (think 2’s)
2% of population, much more men, sx by age 2
gross pathology of Meckel’s (more 2’s)
2cm long diverticulum located within 2 feet of ileocecal valve (in ileum)
6 causes of large bowel ischemia/bleeding
angiodysplasia, hemorrhoids, ischemic colitis, colorectal carcinoma, IBD, diverticular dz
angiodysplasia is usually (congenital/acquired) and is most common in the?
acquired; elderly
etiology and pathogenesis of angiodysplasia
arteriovenous malformation results in lack of capillaries, thin and distended vascular walls that are prone to rupture
most common location of angiodysplasia
cecum, right colon
etiologies of hemorrhoids
pregnancy, constipation, hereditary disposition
histopath of hemorrhoids
dilated submocal veins +/- thrombosis (not bleeding like in varices)
kaposi’s sarcoma is caused by the ____ virus, and results in (benign/malignant) growth of _____ cells
HHV8; malignant; endothelial (spindle)
