Path-Intestinal Tumors

Question 1

small sessile polyps; crypts in upper half of polyp have serrated or convoluted appearance with decreased goblet cells

Answer 1

hyperplastic polyps

Question 2

pedunculated polyp; cut surface shows cystically dilated glands; seen in kids under 10

Answer 2

juvenile polyp

Question 3

surface epithelium of juvenile polyps is?

Answer 3

eroded with granulation tissue

Question 4

pre-malignant neoplasms of mucosal epithelium

Answer 4

adenomatous polyps

Question 5

adenomas are most commonly found in the?

Answer 5

sigmoid and rectum

Question 6

cerebriform gland polyps are called ____, while finger-like projections of lamina propria are _____

Answer 6

tubular; villous

Question 7

what makes epithelium adenomatous?

Answer 7

pleomorphic, hyperchromatic nuclei; nuclear pseudostratification; loss of cytoplasmic mucin

Question 8

low-grade dysplasia shows ___ shaped nuclei and decreased ____

Answer 8

spindle; mucin/goblet cells

Question 9

high-grade dysplasia shows?

Answer 9

round nuclei, prominent nucleoli

Question 10

2 causes of mucin secretion in CRC

Answer 10

distension of individual glands, secretion by glands into stroma

Question 11

___% of colorectal cancer is hereditary; it is autosomal ____

Answer 11

3-5; dominant

Question 12

FAP is cause of less than ___% of CRC, is autosomal ___, is due to a mutation in the ___ gene, and ____% will develop CRC

Answer 12

1%; dominant; APC; 100%

Question 13

tumors of the right colon are usually ____ while tumors of the left colon are _____; which causes earlier sx?

Answer 13

fungating; annular/apple core; left colon

Question 14

carcinoid tumors have a ____ gross appearance

Answer 14

yellow-tan; can pull bowel wall inward with them causing obstruction and kinking

Question 15

bland tumor cells with a salt and pepper chromatin appearance suggests?

Answer 15

carcinoid tumor

Question 16

normal neuroendocrine cells at the crypt base give rise to _____ tumors and are positive for?

Answer 16

carcinoid; synaptophysin

Question 17

GI stromal tumors present with a _________ composed of ____ cells

Answer 17

submucosal mass; spindle

Question 18

GIST can be detected with a ____ stain

Answer 18

C-Kit receptor tyrosine kinase

Question 19

unique tx for GIST

Answer 19

target and turn off KIT gene, but eventually cells mutate and tx stops working

Question 20

two pathways for CRC

Answer 20

chromosomal instability (APC, KRAS), microsatellite instability (Lynch syndrome, failure of mismatch repair)