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Gastrointestinal > Nutrition-Vitamins > Flashcards

Nutrition-Vitamins Flashcards

1
Q

short bowel syndrome

A

signs of nutrient malabsorption in a patient with removal of jejunum (primary site for absorption of LOTS)

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2
Q

trouble seeing at night is a sign of ____ deficiency

A

vitamin A

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3
Q

loss of appetite is a sign of _____ deficiency

A

zinc

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4
Q

ataxic gait is a sign of _____ deficiency

A

vitamin E

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5
Q

easy bruising is a sign of _____ deficiency

A

vitamins K, E

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6
Q

what is the most supported/confident dietary reference intake value?

A

RDA

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7
Q

adequate intake is used when?

A

RDA cannot be determined; there is less data

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8
Q

what are the 4 fat soluble vitamines?

A

DAKE

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9
Q

malabsorption of fat soluble vitamins occurs because?

A

they share the same transport system as dietary fatty acids

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10
Q

sources of vit A

A

retinoids (egg, dairy), carotenoids = precurser (yellow/red fruits and veggies, leafy greens)

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11
Q

how quickly can vit A deprivation present with symptoms?

A

NOT quickly? must deplete liver and plasma first, takes weeks

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12
Q

loss of appetite, retarded growth, rough scaly skin (follicular kyperkeratosis), nephritis, ocular problems (Bitot’s spots) are all signs of?

A

vitamin A deficiency

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13
Q

causes of vit A deficiency

A

malabsorption disorders, chronic nephritis, intestinal parasites, alcoholism

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14
Q

signs of vit A toxicity

A

itchy skin, bone/muscle pain, cirrhosis, conjunctivitis

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15
Q

sources of vit D

A

sterols in body + UV light OR food

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16
Q

D2 is found in _____, while D3 is found in _____

A

plants; fish and mammals

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17
Q

ongoing research regarding vitamin D includes..

A

gene regulation, obesity, diabetes, cancer, CVD

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18
Q

there is an incredibly high rate of vitamin ____ deficiency

A

vit D

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19
Q

severe vit D deficiency is associated with what 2 diseases

A

rickets, osteomalacia

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20
Q

vitamin D toxicity is (easy/hard) to achieve, and results in?

A

hard; hypercalcemia and calcifications

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21
Q

sources of vit E

A

vegetable oils, nuts, leafy greens, cereal

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22
Q

functions of vit E

A

antioxidant, immune function, DNA repair

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23
Q

who needs especially high vitamin E?

A

breast-feeding women

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24
Q

vitamin ____ supplements contain significantly more than people need

A

vit E

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25
Q

what form of vitamin E is the strongest anti-oxidant and favored form (but not the form in most american diets)?

A

alpha-tocopherol

26
Q

vitamin E deficiency is (rare/common)? Vitamin E toxicity is (rare/common)?

A

rare; rare

27
Q

signs of vit E deficiency

A

neurologic problems, nerve degen in hands/feet

28
Q

who is at risk for vit E deficiency?

A

fat malabsorptive disorders, genetic defects, premature infants, alcoholics

29
Q

signs of vit E toxicity

A

increased bleeding, impaired blood coagulation, ?cancer risk

30
Q

sources of vit K

A

dark leafy greens, broccoli, cabbage, bacteria in GI tract

31
Q

vit K functions

A

blood coag, healthy bones

32
Q

_____ supplementation can cause toxic levels of vit K, resulting in?

A

menadione; hemolytic anemia, hyperbilirubinemia, jaundice

33
Q

name 3 water soluble vitamins

A

vit C, B vitamins, folic acid

34
Q

functions of vit C

A

potent antioxidant, co-factor for enzymes involved with synthesis of collagen, carnitine, and norepi

35
Q

severe def of vit C causes ____, which presents with?

A

scurvy; bruising, gum and dental problems, dry hair and skin, anemia

36
Q

causes of vit C deficiency

A

intake, malabsorption, certain cancer, kidney dz + hemodialysis, smoking (need more)

37
Q

thiamin is also called?

A

vit B1

38
Q

sources of thiamin

A

grains

39
Q

wet beriberi affects the ___ system

A

cardiovascular

40
Q

dry beriberi affects the ____ system

A

nervous

41
Q

Wernicke-Korsakoff syndrome is common in _____ , due to deficiency in ____, and results in?

A

alcoholics; thiamin; encephalopathy & memory issues

42
Q

who get’s thiamin deficiency?

A

dialysis patients, malabsorption

43
Q

niacin (B3) comes mainly from?

A

meat, fish, poultry, grains

44
Q

function of niacin

A

redox rxn co-enzyme; required for energy metabolism

45
Q

a deficiency of niacin causes?

A

pellagra

46
Q

signs of pellagra/niacin deficiency

A

4 D’s = diarrhea, dermatitis, dementia, death

47
Q

niacin supplements can cause ____ if taken in excess

A

flushing and GI sx

48
Q

B6 is essential for ____, folid acid is essential for _____, and B12 is necessary for _____

A

RBC metabolism; rapid cell division; DNA synthesis

49
Q

B6 deficiency results in?

A

dermatitis, glossitis, convulsions

50
Q

folic acid deficiency results in?

A

megaloblastic anemia, diarrhea, fatigue

51
Q

B12 deficiency results in?

A

megaloblastic anemia, peripheral nerve degen, glossitis

52
Q

causes of B6/B12/folate deficiency

A

inadequate intake, liver dz, certain drugs

53
Q

who is at risk for B6 deficiency?

A

asthmatic children

54
Q

at risk for B12 deficiency

A

pernicious anemia or GI disorders

55
Q

B6 toxicity causes?

A

neuropathy

56
Q

folic acid toxicity results in?

A

damaging effects of B12 deficiency

57
Q

sources of iodine

A

salt, seafood, kelp

58
Q

iodine deficiency results in?

A

goiter, hypothyroidism, cretinism

59
Q

sources of zinc

A

meat, seafood, whole grains

60
Q

fnc of zinc

A

enzyme cofactor

61
Q

zinc deficiency causes?

A

growth retardation, impaired immune, mental lethargy, loss of taste, hypogonadism

Gastrointestinal (40 decks)

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