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NBDE Part 1 > Path: Neuromuscular, Head and Neck > Flashcards

Path: Neuromuscular, Head and Neck Flashcards

1
Q

T/F: A right coronary artery stroke will lead to left eye problems.

A

False

Ipsilateral eye

Contralateral hand

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2
Q

What is the biggest risk factor for a stroke?

A

Uncontrolled hypertension

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3
Q

Which type of stroke is caused by an embolism in the brain?

A

Ischemic stroke (80%)

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4
Q

T/F: Subarachnoid hemorrhage is normally a traumatic injury?

A

False

Normally caused by ruptured aneurism - CIRCLE of WILLIS

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5
Q

T/F: The majority of brain hematomas are in the epidural region.

A

False

Subdural

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6
Q

Which artery is often implicated in an epidural hematoma?

A

Middle meningeal

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7
Q

T/F: Epidural hematoma involves a lucid interval.

A

True

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8
Q

What is the triad of symptoms for meningitis?

A
  1. Fever
  2. Headache
  3. Neck stiffness
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9
Q

What is the most common primary malignant brain tumor?

A

Glioblastoma multiforme

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10
Q

What is the most common primary benign tumor of the brain?

A

Meningioma

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11
Q

When is a Schwanoma called an Acoustic Schwanoma?

A

When its on CN VIII

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12
Q

What is caused by Multiple Sclerosis (MS)?

A

Causes demyelination in the CNS - White Matter

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13
Q

How is MS diagnosed?

A

Two separate CNS lesions on two or more occasions

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14
Q

What disease causes PNS demyelination?

A

Guillan-Barre syndrome (GBS)

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15
Q

Which receptors are effected in a patient with Myesthenia Gravis?

A

AcCh receptors on postsynaptic side of NMJ

Young women, old men

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16
Q

What tumor is more common in patients with MG?

A

Thymus

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17
Q

What are the hallmarks of Alzheimer’s?

A

Amyloid plaques and nuerofibrillary tangles

18
Q

What are the four clinical signs of Parkinson’s?

A
  1. Resting tremor
  2. Rigidity
  3. Akinesia
  4. Shuffling gait
19
Q

Which part of the brainstem is effected by Parkinson’s?

A

Substantia nigra

20
Q

T/F: Parkinson’s results from a deficiency in dopamine.

A

True

21
Q

What is the histological hallmark of Parkinson’s disease?

A

Lewey bodies

22
Q

What are the two organisms that will cause otitis media?

A
  1. H. influenza

2. Strep. pneumonia

23
Q

Where are 80% of salivary gland tumors?

A

Parotid gland (serous, CN IX)

24
Q

What nerve is a concern when removing a salivary gland tumor?

A

Facial nerve running through the parotid

25
Q

What is the most common salivary benign tumor?

A

Benign mixed tumor (pleomorphic adenoma)

26
Q

What is the most common salivary malignancy?

A

Mucoepidermoid carcinoma

27
Q

What is another name for papillary cystadenoma lyphomatosum?

A

Warthin’s Tumor

2nd most common benign salivary tumor

28
Q

T/F: Warthin’s tumors are often seen bilaterally at different times.

A

True

29
Q

_______ patients are referred to as pink puffers. _______ patients are referred to as blue bloaters.

A

Emphysema; chronic bronchitis

30
Q

T/F: Emphysema patients produce excess sputum.

A

False

Chronic bronchitis

31
Q

What is the definition of chronic bronchitis?

A

Chronic productive cough for at least 3 months of the year for 2 years

32
Q

What two conditions make up asthma?

A
  1. Acute reversible bronchoconstriction

2. Chronic inflammation of airways

33
Q

What causes most restrictive lung disorders?

A

Exposures (pneumoconiosis)

34
Q

Most inhalers for acute asthma are what type of drug?

A

B2 agonists

35
Q

What is the most common/serious pneumoconiosis

A

Silicosis

36
Q

Which type of organism causes Tb?

A

Mycobacterium (no cell wall)

37
Q

What is the number one symptom of Tb?

A

Night sweats

38
Q

What is the most common cause of pneumonia in infants?

A

RSV

39
Q

T/F: Bacterial pneumonia is typically more serious than viral.

A

True

Strep

40
Q

Smoking will cause what type of lung cancer?

A

Small cell (oat cell) or squamous cell carcinoma

41
Q

T/F: Small cell carcinoma is related to paraneoplastic syndromes.

A

True

Most aggressive lung cancer

42
Q

T/F: Peripheral lung cancers (adenocarcinoma, large cell) are highly associated with smoking.

A

False

NBDE Part 1 (31 decks)

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