Anatomy Fun Facts Flashcards
What are the four unpaired bones of the cranium?
Ethmoid, sphenoid, frontal, occipital
Bones of the viscerocranium (except mandibular condyle) are formed by ____________ growth.
intramembranous
The __________ is considered the weakest part of the skull.
Pterion.
Middle meningeal artery runs under it
The _______ nasal conchae is its own bone.
inferior
The _______ artery is a branch of the ICA and gives most blood supply to the eye.
opthalmic artery
The palatine bones make up the __________ of the hard palate.
posterior 1/3
Along with V2 (nasopalatine, infraorbital, greater palatine), which nerve from V1 gives sensory innervation to the nose?
Anterior ethmoidal nerve
Which arteries supply the nose?
Sphenopalatine (maxillary), anterior ethmoidal (opthalmic), facial artery (septal branch)
Underneath each conchae is a space called a ________.
meatus
Most nosebleeds arise from a rupture in the __________.
Kiesselbach’s plexus
Sphenopalatine, greater palatine, superior labial, anterior ethmoid, lateral nasal branches
The _______ meatus contains openings for the frontal, maxillary, ethmoidal (ant and middle) sinuses.
middle
What are the components of the SCALP?
S - Skin C - Connective tissue A - Aponeurosis L - Loose connective tissue P - Periosteum
Meninges from superficial to closest to brain?
Epidural space Dura mater Subdural space Arachnoid Subarachnoid space Pia mater
The ________ space is filled with CSF and contains cerebral circulation.
subarachnoid
The ________ space contains bridging veins.
subdural
The __________ space contains the middle meningeal artery.
epidural
The _____ folds run vertically and through the midline. The _______ folds run horizontally.
falx; tentorium
Drainage of the head/brain is via the ________ which forms from the inferior petrosal and sigmoid sinuses.
internal jugular vein
The cavernous sinus is drained via the ____________.
opthalmic veins
What will be the first never affected by an infection in the cavernous sinus or pituitary tumor?
CN VI
Smallest and most medial
The ________ connects the anterior facial vein and pterygoid plexus.
deep facial vein
What is the flow of CSF?
Lateral ventricles -> third ventricle -> cerebral aqueduct -> fourth ventricle -> subarachnoid space -> venous circulation
Where is the blood-brain barrier absent?
Hypothalamus, pineal gland, postrema, near third ventricle
T/F: The ICA has several branches in the neck.
False
Contribute ACA and MCA on circle of Willis
Which artery gives off the vertebral arteries?
L and R Subclavian arteries
Which branch of the ICA follows the optic nerve through the optic foramen into the orbit?
opthalmic artery
Which nerves provide general sensation to the tongue?
V3, IX, X
Which nerves mediate taste?
VII (anterior), IX (posterior), X (epiglottis)
All to gustatory nucleus via solitary tract
Which nerve gives motor senses to the tongue?
XII
Which nerves are associated with the first four pharyngeal arches (form the tongue)?
Arch 1 = V
Arch 2 = VII
Arch 3 = IX
Arch 4 = X
Which papillae of the tongue are the most numerous and avascular?
Filiform; do not contain taste buds
Which tongue papillae are on the lateral of the tongue?
Foliate
T/F: Fungiform papillae normally contain tastebuds.
True
All tongue muscles except the ________ are innervated by CN XII.
palatoglossus
Which muscles attach to the genial tubercles?
Genioglossus and geniohyoid
Which arteries and veins provide for the tongue?
Lingual artery; veins drain to IJV
The _________ protrudes the tongue.
genioglossus
The _________ is the only major structure medial to the hyoglossus.
Lingual artery
Lingual vein/nerve, submandibular duct, hypoglossal nerve all lateral to hyoglossus
Which nerve from V3 contributes motor function to the palate?
Tensor veli palatine
Rest of palate is pharyngeal plexus (CN X)
Which vessels supply blood to palate?
Greater palatine artery and sphenopalatine artery (incisive foramen)
Most muscles of the soft palate attach to the __________.
palatal aponeurosis
What would result from the incomplete fusion of the palatine shelves?
Bifid uvula
T/F: There are lymph follicles and crypts on pharyngeal tonsils.
FALSE
Palatine tonsils
Which muscles prevent food from entering the nasopharynx?
Tensor and levator veli palatini
CN ___ provides sensory innervation to the pharynx, while CN ___ provides motor innervation.
X; XI (via X)
Which muscle of the palate is not innervated by X or XII?
Stylopharyngeus (CN IX)
What are two common areas for food to get caught?
Vallecula or pyriform recesses
What nucleus in the medulla oblongata is the “swallowing center”.
Nucleus ambiguous
Which artery supplies blood to all salivary glands?
External carotid artery
What is the sequence of tear drainage?
Gland -> puncta -> canals -> sac -> duct -> inferior meatus
Describe the pathway of innervation for the lacrimal gland.
Greater petrosal nerve (VII) -> pterygopalatine ganglion -> lacrimal nerve (V1) to gland
