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NBDE Part 1 > Anatomy: Head and Neck > Flashcards

Anatomy: Head and Neck Flashcards

1
Q

What cranial nerves go through the superior orbital fissure?

A

CN III, CN IV, CN VI and V1

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2
Q

V2 comes through which foramen?

A

Infraorbital foramen

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3
Q

The sella turcica is a depression in the body of which bone?

A

sphenoid

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4
Q

What sits in the sella turcica?

A

Pituitary gland

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5
Q

The optic chiasm sits just above which structure?

A

Pituitary gland

PG tumor will cause vision loss in nasal fibers of both eyes

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6
Q

What structure lays just posterior to the superior orbital fissure?

A

Cavernous sinus

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7
Q

What two bones make up the lateral wall of the orbit?

A

GREAT Z

Greater wing of sphenoid and zygomatic bone

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8
Q

What is the most likely wall of the orbit to fracture?

A

Inferior wall - eye would sit into max sinus

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9
Q

What separates the anterior cranial fossa from the middle cranial fossa

A

Lesser wing of sphenoid

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10
Q

What separates the middle and posterior cranial fossa?

A

Petrous ridge of temporal bone

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11
Q

The Cribriform plate is on what bone?

A

Ethmoid

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12
Q

Optic canal is located on which bone?

A

Lesser wing of sphenoid

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13
Q

Which major foramen are found in the greater wing of the sphenoid bone?

A

Foramen rotundum and foramen ovale

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14
Q

Which cranial nerve goes through foramen rotundum?

A

Foramen roTWOndum

V2

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15
Q

Which CN goes through foramen ovale?

A

V3

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16
Q

Which CN goes through the internal acoustic meatus?

A

CN 7 and 8

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17
Q

Which CN goes through the jugular foramen?

A

CN IX, X, XI

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18
Q

What are the two main structures that go through foramen magnum?

A

Vertebral arteries and CN XI

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19
Q

Where does the ICA enter the skull? Where does it enter the middle cranial fossa?

A

Carotid canal; foramen lacerum

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20
Q

What nerve goes through the petrotympanic fissure?

A

Chorda tympani nerve

CN VII - taste for anterior 2/3s

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21
Q

Which nerve is located directly lateral to the medial pterygoid muscle?

A

Lingual nerve

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22
Q

Which lobe of the brain is the largest?

A

Frontal

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23
Q

What are the three Ps to the frontal lobe?

A

Personality, Planning, Production of speech

*also motor functions

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24
Q

T/F: The parietal lobe deals with the majority of sensory functions.

A

True

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25
Q

What are the two major structures of the temporal lobe?

A

Temp House Worker

Hippocampus and Wernicke’s

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26
Q

What are the three main functions of the hypothalmus?

A

Temperature, Hunger, Circadian rhythm

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27
Q

Which Cranial nerves start in which parts of the brain stem?

A

RULE of FOURS

Midbrian - III and IV
Pons - V, VI, VII, VIII
Medulla - IX, X, XI, XII

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28
Q

Which part of the nervous system is controlled by the medulla oblongata?

A

Autonomics (HR, breathing, blinking, coughing, vomiting, swallowing)

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29
Q

Aggression and blood pressure are regulated by which part of the brain?

A

Medulla oblongata

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30
Q

Most neuro pathways cross in which part of the brainstem?

A

Medulla

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31
Q

All sensory for the back of tongue and throat including gag reflex is via which nerve?

A

Glossopharyngeal (CN IX)

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32
Q

What cranial nerve provides taste to the epiglottis?

A

Vagus (CN X)

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33
Q

Which nuclei provides for the salivation functions of cranial nerves 7 and 9?

A

CN VII - superior

CN IX - inferior

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34
Q

Where does the common carotid bifurcate?

A

Superior border of thyroid cartilage

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35
Q

Which cranial nerve is right next to the ICA in the cavernous sinus?

A

CN VI

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36
Q

What are the four branches of the internal carotid artery?

A

OPAM

Opthalmic, posterior communicating, anterior cerebral, middle cerebral

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37
Q

Where do all of the sinuses in the brain drain to?

A

Sigmoid sinus which becomes the internal jugular vein

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38
Q

Where do the superior and inferior opthalmic veins drain?

A

Carvernous sinus

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39
Q

What is the anterior and posterior border of the cavernous sinus?

A

Anterior - superior orbital fissure

Posterior - petrous ridge of temporal bone

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40
Q

What are the contents of the cavernous sinus?

A

3, 4, 6, V1, V2

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41
Q

What are the 5 layers of the scalp?

A

SCALP

Skin
Connective tissue
Aponeurosis
Loose areolar tissue
Pericranium
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42
Q

Which layers of the scalp are fused?

A

Skin, Connective tissue, Aponeurosis

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43
Q

Which layers of the scalp has blood vessels?

A

Connective tissue

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44
Q

The optic canal is found on which part of the sphenoid?

A

Lesser wing

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45
Q

Explain the spinal and cranial roots of CN XI?`

A

Spinal root comes from C1-C6 and enters skull via foramen magnum. Joins cranial root (medulla) and exits jugular foramen

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46
Q

What is the thinist portion of the orbit?

A

Medial wall - lamina papyracea

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47
Q

Which major foramen are found in the posterior cranial fossa?

A

Internal acoustic meatus, jugular foramen, foramen magnum, hypoglossal canal

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48
Q

T/F: The sphenoid and ethmoid bones are part of the neurocranium.

A

True

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49
Q

T/F: Only the optic nerve goes through the optic canal?

A

False

Optic nerve and ophthalmic artery

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50
Q

How many bones does the sphenoid bone articulate with?

A

15

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51
Q

Which side will the chin deviate to in a unilateral condylar neck fracture?

A

to the broken side

52
Q

The _______ gland is located lateral to the medial pterygoid.

A

parotid

53
Q

Which cranial fossa houses the occipital lobe of the brain?

A

Middle cranial fossa

54
Q

Which dural sinus travels in the superior falx cerebri? Where does it drain?

A

Superior sagital sinus; drains into the right transverse sinus

55
Q

Which dural sinus travels in the inferior falx cerebri and joins the great cerebral vein to form the straight sinus?

A

Inferior saggital sinus

56
Q

T/F: The inferior nasal conchae is its own bone.

A

True

57
Q

What two bones form the zygomatic arch?

A

Temporal and zygomatic

58
Q

What nerve and nucleus supply the parotid gland?

A

The glossopharyngeal nerve (CN 9) carries parasympathetic fibers from the inferior salivatory nucleus to the parotid gland for salivation.

59
Q

What nerve and nucleus supply the sublingual and submandibular glands?

A

The facial nerve (CN 7) carries parasympathetic fibers from the superior salivatory nucleus to the submandibular and sublingual glands

60
Q

What are the major structures of the temporal lobe?

A

Hippocampus and Wernike’s area (speech recognition)

61
Q

Which cerebral lobe is responsible for production of speech?

A

Frontal lobe - Broca’s area

62
Q

A patient with a ________ lobe lesion could tell the doctor that a pen is used for writing, but could not call the object a pen.

A

parietal

63
Q

Which part of the brainstem regulates autonomic function?

A

Medulla

64
Q

Which nerve provides innervation to the epiglottis region?

A

Vagus nerve (CN X)

65
Q

Which joint provides the “yes” motion?

A

Atlanto-occipital

66
Q

Which joint provides the “no” motion?

A

Atlanto-axial joint

67
Q

Which bones make up the medial wall of the orbit?

A

SMEL

Sphenoid
Maxilla
Ethmoid
Lacrimal

68
Q

What bones make up the floor of the orbit?

A

Maxillary, palatine, zygomatic

*maxilla is weakest BUT ethmoid is thinnest

69
Q

T/F: All obliques abduct.

A

True

70
Q

What is the primary action of the obliques?

A

Superior - intorsion

Inferior - extorsion

71
Q

Which direction will the inferior oblique take the pupil?

A

It will extort the eye and push the pupil towards the superior medial portion of the eye

72
Q

Which direction will the superior oblique take the pupil?

A

It will intort the eye and push the pupil towards the inferior medial portion of the eye

73
Q

What are the contents of the pterygopalatine fossa?

A

V2, ptergopalatine ganglion, and ptergopalatine artery

74
Q

Where is the pterygopalatine fossa in relation to the infratemporal fossa?

A

medial

75
Q

What is the function of the ossicles of the ear?

A

Increase force, decrease amplitude

76
Q

Which muscle acts on the malleus of the ear?

A

Tensor tympani (V3)

77
Q

Which structures of the ear detect linear acceleration?

A

Vestibule (utricle and saccule)

78
Q

What is the function of the organ of corti?

A

perception of sound

79
Q

What structure connects the ear with the pharynx?

A

Pharyngotympanic tube

80
Q

What is the function of the pharyngotympanic tube?

A

Equalize pressure of middle ear with atmospheric pressure

81
Q

The smallest ossicle of the ear is the _______.

A

stapes

82
Q

Which three nerves innervate the external acoustic meatus?

A

Auriculotemporal (V3), facial, and vagus

83
Q

T/F: Ossicles are located in the inner ear.

A

False

Middle

84
Q

Which bones make up the roof of the orbit?

A

Frontal and lesser wing of sphenoid

85
Q

What is the flow of venous drainage from the eye to the heart?

A

Superior or inferior opthalmic vein -> cavernous sinus -> petrosal sinus -> sigmoid sinus -> IJV -> right atrium

86
Q

How many vertebrae are movable?

A

24 out of 33

87
Q

T/F: The maxillary nerve (V2) is found in the infratemporal fossa.

A

False

V2 - pterygopalatine fossa
V3 - infratemporal

88
Q

Which opening in the nose enters into the frontal sinus?

A

Infundibulum in the middle meatus

89
Q

The frontal sinus and maxillary sinus both empty into which structure?

A

Semilunar hiatus in the middle meatus

90
Q

Which arteries lead into kesselbachs plexus?

A

Face Your LEGS

Facial, Labial, Ethmoid, Greater Palatine, Shenopalatine

91
Q

Which muscles lower and raise the angle of the mouth? (smile/frown)

A

Raise - Levator labii superioris

Lower - Depressor anguli oris

92
Q

What is the function of the risorius muscle?

A

Pull angle of mouth lateral and slightly up

93
Q

T/F: The depressor labii inferioris will move the angle of the mouth down.

A

False

Depressor anguli oris - move angle down

Depressor labii inferioris - move bottom lip down

94
Q

Which muscle closes the nasal openings?

A

Nasalis

95
Q

Which muscle will pucker the lips?

A

Orbicularis oris

96
Q

What is the function of the zygomaticus major?

A

Pull angle of mouth superiolaterally when smiling

97
Q

What is the function of the zygomaticus minor?

A

Elevate upper lip

98
Q

Which muscle closes the eyes?

A

Orbicularis oculi

99
Q

Which muscle pushes the cheek against the molars when chewing?

A

Buccinator

100
Q

What are the three major branches coming off of the aortic arch?

A

ABC’S

Aorta, Brachiocephalic trunk, Left Common Carotid, Left Subclavian

101
Q

Where does the brachiocephalic trunk bifurcate to give off the right common carotid?

A

Behind the right sternoclavical joint

102
Q

T/F: The maxillary artery supplies blood to the nasal septum.

A

True

103
Q

T/F: The maxillary artery supplies blood to the skin of the forehead.

A

False

104
Q

Which veins of the head and neck drain into the IJV?

A

Med Schools Let Fun People In

Middle thyroid, Superior thyroid, Lingual, Facial, Pharyngeal, Inferior petrosal sinus

105
Q

Which two veins join to form the retromandibular vein?

A

Superficial temporal and maxillary

106
Q

T/F: There are no hair follicles or sebaceous glands in the lips.

A

True

107
Q

What two structures go through the incisive foramen?

A

Nasopalatine nerve and sphenopalatine artery

108
Q

Sensory fibers to the hard palate are transmitted from the maxillary nerve via which nerve?

A

Greater palatine

109
Q

T/F: The greater palatine nerve only carries sensory fibers from the maxillary nerve.

A

False

Also carries parasympathetics from pterygopalatine ganglion

110
Q

Which structure moves posteriorly to stop regurgitation during swallowing?

A

Soft palate

111
Q

The levator veli palatini is innervated by which nerve?

A

Vagus (CN X)

112
Q

Which structures on the tongue contain the taste buds?

A

Fungiform papillae

113
Q

The parotid glands are located between which two large structures?

A

Mandible and SCM

114
Q

The submandibular glands are deep to which muscle?

A

Mylohyoid muscle

115
Q

What are the four structures that go through the carotid sheath?

A

Ansa Cervicalis, Vagus nerve, IJV, Common carotid

116
Q

Which vein lies directly anterior to the scalenus anterior muscle?

A

Subclavian vein

117
Q

T/F: The transverse cervical nerve is deep to the fascial floor of the posterior triangle.

A

False

Phrenic nerve, brachial plexus, and transverse cervical artery are all deep to the floor

118
Q

At what level is the bifurcation of the trachea?

A

Sternal angle

119
Q

T/F: The thyrocervical trunk is a branch of the subclavian artery.

A

True

120
Q

T/F: The axillary artery is a branch of the subclavian artery.

A

False

121
Q

What are the five branches of the subclavian artery?

A

TV Is Cost Driven

Thyrocervical trunk
Vertebral artery
Internal thoracic artery
Costocervical trunk
Dorsal scapular artery
122
Q

T/F: The subclavian vein has a bicuspid valve near its termination.

A

True

123
Q

The superior cervical ganglion is located at the angle of the mandible which is at what vertebral level?

A

C1-C2

124
Q

T/F: The thoracic duct is on the left side of the body.

A

True

125
Q

If the eye is in the adducted position, which muscles depress and elevate?

A

Superior oblique - depress (intort)

Inferior oblique - elevate (extort)

**even though these muscles depress and elevate from the adducted position they do not adduct!!
They are abducters.

NBDE Part 1 (31 decks)

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