Passive Care - Ultrasound Diathermy

Question 1

Ultrasound Diathermy: Action

Answer 1

Thermal
Mechanical
Chemical
Physiological 
Neural

Question 2

Ultrasound Diathermy: Results

Answer 2

Mechanical: micro-massage, dispersion of fluids, removes exudates, increased molecular movement

Chemical: increased gaseous exchange and increases chemical oxidation

Neural: mild anesthesia

Thermal: hyperemia, increased alkalosis, increased leukocytosis, increased glandular activity, reduce muscle spasm

Physiological: sedates

Question 3

Ultrasound Diathermy: Indications

Answer 3

Joint and Musculoskeletal Inflammation
Herpes Zoster (root)

Question 4

Ultrasound Diathermy: Contraindications

Answer 4

Over Spinal Cord
Over Ephiphyseal Growth Plates
Bony Prominences
Fractures
Acute Infections
Menstruating Uterus
Laminectomy
Vascular Disease
Decreased Sensation

Question 5

Ultrasound Diathermy: Duration

Answer 5

Acute: 3-5 minutes (minimum)
Chronic: 5-10 minutes (minimum)

Question 6

Ultrasound Diathermy: Penetration

Answer 6

Deep: 4-6cm

absorbed in protein the most

Question 7

Ultrasound Diathermy: Frequency

Answer 7

High
1-3 megacycles per second
Increase frequency = decrease depth = increase heat (opposite electricity) - Grotthus-Draper Law

Question 8

Ultrasound Diathermy: Procedure

Answer 8

Coupling agent must be used (water is best, aqua-gel, hydro-gel, mineral oil, lotion)

Uneven surfaces - underwater 1/2 - 1 inch from skin

Bucket best for uneven surfaces or extremities
Bladder is used over boney regions (elbow)
Circular motion is always necessary
BNR (beam nonuniformity ratio): variability of intensity / 1:1 (ideal)

Question 9

Ultrasound Diathermy: Intensity

Answer 9

Acute / Thin: Slight Warm, contact method .25-1 w/cm2, underwater method .5-1.5 w/cm2

Acute / Thick: Slight Warm, contact method 1-1.5 w/cm2, underwater method 1.5 - 2 w/cm2

Chronic/Thin: Intense Heat, contact method 1-1.5 w/cm2, underwater method 1.5-2 w/cm2

Chronic/Thick: Intense Heat, contact method 1.5-2.5 w/cm2, underwater method 2-2.5 w/cm2

Note: Nerve .4-.7 w/cm2
Note: Thin Skin sacrum, S-I, knee, upper extremity

Question 10

Reverse Piezoelectric

Answer 10

the sound head consists of crystals which converts which converts electrical energy to mechanical vibrations

Question 11

Bone Muscle Interface

Answer 11

Ultrasound peaks at the bone muscle interface

Question 12

Pulsed vs Continuous

Answer 12

Pulse is used when massage is desired without heat

The Orificial attachment (cylindrical) is used for prostatitis

Question 13

Sound Energy

Answer 13

one million cycles per second causes vibratory or sound energy

Question 14

Phonophoresis (aka acoustic sonophoresis)

Answer 14

with ultrasound - a substance may be introduced into the tissue by incorporating cream, lotion or gel as a coupling medium

Question 15

Cavitation

Answer 15

Using US over the spinal cord causes cavitation

bad thing that can happen

Question 16

Shearing

Answer 16

longitudinal wave form becomes transverse (echo)

bad thing that can happen

Question 17

Depth

Answer 17

1 MHz less heat more depth

3 MHz more heat less depth