Passive Care - Low Volt Flashcards

1
Q

Low Volt: Action

A

Electrochemical
Electrokinetic
Depends on Polarity Used

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2
Q

Low Volt: Acute / Positive Pole

A
ANODE ACTS LIKE ICE
Vasoconstricts
Produces Acid Reaction in Skin
Repels Alkaline
Attracts Oxygen
Repels Hydrogen
Causes Ischemia
Hardens Tissue
Pain Relief
Astringent
REPELS METALS
Magnesium - edema, IVD, DJD, arthritis, neuritis, PNE
Calcium - adhesions, capsulitis
Copper - fungus
Zinc - ulcers, gyn, derm
Histamine - PVD, spasm
Hyaluronidase - post trauma swelling
Potassium - sprains
Xylocaine - painful ROM
Hydrocortisone - DJD, PNE
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3
Q

Low Volt: Chronic / Negative Pole

A
CATHODE ACTS LIKE HEAT
Vasodilates
Produces alkaline reaction in skin
Repels acid
Repels oxygen
Attracts hydrogen
Hyperemia
Softens tissue
Relieves chronic pain
Increases digestion
REPELS NON METALS
Salicylate - pain, inflammation, arthritis
Iodine - sears, adhesions
Chloride - adhesions and scars
Acetate - calcium deposits, bursitis
Niacin - PVD, arthritis
PABA - scleroderma
Novocaine / Alcohol - strains
Hesperidin - ecchymosis
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4
Q

Low Volt: Wave Form

A

Direct Current

Square Form

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5
Q

Low Volt: Indication

A

For polar effects of iontophoresis in connective tissue ‘itis’, disease, or injuries. Also electrodiagnosis and denervated muscle

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6
Q

Low Volt: Contraindications

A
Sensory Impairment
Recent Scar Tissue
Open Wound
Pregnancy (LBP)
Pacemaker
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7
Q

Low Volt: Penetration

A

Varies (shallowest of EMS family)

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8
Q

Low Volt: Distance

A

soaked pads are placed directly on the skin

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9
Q

Low Volt: Intensity

A

To patient perception (iontophoresis)….Electrochemical (sensory) 5-100 mA

To patient tolerance (contraction)…..Electrokinetic (motor) 0-5 mA

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10
Q

Low Volt: Duration

A

5-20 minutes

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11
Q

Low Volt: Frequency

A

Low (wimpy contraction)

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12
Q

Low Volt: Special Notes

A
Iontophoresis: soluble ionic salts are forced into the body tissues by electrical energy
Anode is (+) and repels positive ions
Cathode is (-) and repels negative ions
2% solution mixtures are the most common
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