Passive Care: Electrical Treatment Result In

Question 1

What does Electrothermal mean?

Answer 1

Heat
Micro-vibration
Electrically leads to heat (Joule’s Law)

Question 2

What does Electrochemical mean?

Answer 2

Ionto & Opiods
Iontophoresis is DC current
Opioid Frequency: 1-10 (endorphins) / 70-120 (enkephalins)
Low Volt

Question 3

What does Electrophysical mean?

Answer 3

Kinetic

Ions push other molecules around shifting Na+ / K+ pump resulting in contraction

Question 4

Electricity - what happens when you increase the frequency? Does it increase or decrease the depth?

Answer 4

increase

Question 5

US - what happens when you increase the frequency? Does it increase or decrease the depth?

Answer 5

decrease

Question 6

US - 1MHz is deep or superficial?

Answer 6

deep

Question 7

US - 3MHz is deep or superficial?

Answer 7

superficial

Question 8

1 pad

Answer 8

motor point or muscle belly

Question 9

2 pads

Answer 9

either side of the muscle belly

if the muscle is especially weak

Question 10

Pad Rule

Answer 10

1 mA per square inch of pad size

3” square pad = 9 mA

Question 11

What types of Pads?

Answer 11

Monopolar
Bipolar
Quadripolar

Question 12

Monopolar Pad

Answer 12

used for larger area or trigger / acupuncture point
Dispersal (aka indifferent) = large pad / should not have any sensation
Active pad = small pad
The active pad mA should be smaller than the dispersal pad

Question 13

Bipolar Pad

Answer 13

small muscle group

dispersal and active pads are equal size

Question 14

Quadripolar Pad

Answer 14

criss cross pattern
IF
RS

Question 15

Pain

Answer 15

Continuous

Question 16

Exercise / Rehab

Answer 16

Ramp Time
Surge = increased ramp time
Duty Cycle = 1:3 or 1:5
1 = work
3 or 5 = rest
1:3 = normal muscle
1:5 = weak muscle

Question 17

Fatigue / Spasm

Answer 17

Pulsed / Tetanizing

Duty Cycle: 1:1

Question 18

Reciprocating

Answer 18

contract agonist, then antagonist

Question 19

Modulation

Answer 19

is used to avoid accommodation

Question 20

Burst

Answer 20

TENS

packages of stimulation

Question 21

How do you treat Pain?

Answer 21

Low Frequency
1-20 endorphin (low and slow)
70-150 enkephalin (high and fast)

Question 22

How do you treat edema?

Answer 22

3-5

Question 23

How do you exercise a muscle?

Answer 23

15 - 25

Question 24

How do you fatigue a muscle?

Answer 24

50