Parts of the brain Flashcards
Meninges
Function: protect brain and spinal cord
Location: outside of brain and spinal cord
Ventricular system
Function: provide blood to brain, get rid of waste
Location: middle of the brain
Corpus callosum
Function: connect brain hemispheres
Location: middle of the brain
Frontal lobe
Function: voluntary movement, language, higher level executive functions
Location: front of the brain
Parietal lobe
Function: processing sensory input
Location: top of the brain in the middle
Temporal lobe
Function: processing auditory information and encoding memory
Location: bottom middle
Occipital lobe
Function: processing visual input
Location: back
Longitudinal fissure
Function: separates the two hemispheres of the brain
Location: directly down the middle of the brain
Sylvian fissure
Function:
Location: above temporal lobe, below frontal lobe and parietal lobe
Calcarine fissure
Function: divides visual cortex in 2
Location: occipital lobe
Central sulcus
Function: connects frontal and parietal lobes
Location: between frontal and parietal lobes
Precentral gyrus
Function: voluntary movement
Location: between the precentral and central sulci
Post central gyrus
Function: primary somatosensory cortex
Location: behind precentral gyrus
Thalamus
Function: processes all input except olfactory input
Location: just above the brainstem between cerebral cortex and midbrain
Lateral geniculate nucleus
Function: retina pathway
Location: thalamus
Medial geniculate nucleus
Function: auditory pathway
Location: thalamus
Hypothalamus
Function: maintains homeostasis
Location: directly below thalamus
Reticular formation
Function: behavioral arousal, sleep/wake cycle
Location: between pons/medulla and spinal cord
Pons
Function: unconscious motor function
Location: connecting brain to brainstem
Medulla
Function: crossing over point for motor tracts and breathing
Location: below pons
Cerebellum
Function: coordination, balance, and movement
Location: Next to pons
Tectum
Function: produces orienting movements
Location: roof of midbrain
Tegmentum
Function: pain perception and eye and limb movements
Location: floor of midbrain
Superior colliculus
Function: recieves visual input
Location: tectum
Inferior colliculus
Function: recieves auditory input
Location: tectum
Dorsolateral prefrontal cortex
Function: Executive function, attention, memory
Location: top of prefrontal cortex
Ventrolateral prefrontal cortex
Function: attention, memory, language
Location: middle of prefrontal cortex
Orbitofrontal cortex
Function: decision making, emotion, reward
Location: bottom of prefrontal cortex
Broca’s area
Function: ability to speak words
Location:on top of sylvian fissure in the left hemisphere of the frontal lobe
Primary motor cortex
Function: simple movements
Location:at the top of the brain where the frontal lobe meets the parietal lobe
Premotor cortex
Function: sensory guided movements
Location: behind primary motor cortex below supplementary
Supplementary motor cortex
Function: complex movements
Location: behind primary motor cortex above premotor cortex
Somatosensory cortex
Function: Inputs from peripheral nerves
Anterolateral system is pain and temperature while the dorso column is touch
Location: behind motor cortex
Primary visual cortex
Function: Most is taken up by occipital lobe, processes visual information
Location: posterior occipital lobe
Wernicke’s area
Function: understanding language
Location: left temporal lobe
Auditory cortex
Function: processes auditory information
Location: temporal lobe
Olfactory bulb
Function: sense of smell
Location: bottom of brain
Olfactory tract
Function: connects olfactory bulb to cerebral cortex
Location: connected to olfactory bulb
Optic chiasm
Function: allows for the crossing optic nerves
Location: base of brain, inferior to the hypothalamus
Cingulate gyrus
Function: helps regulate emotions and pain
Location: Above the corpus callosum
Parahippocampal gyrus
Function: plays a role in spatial memory
Location: surrounds hippocampus
Hippocampus
Function: learning and memory
Location: temporal lobe behind the amygdala
Amygdala
Function: emotion
Location: medial temporal lobe in front of the hippocampus
Caudate
Function: execution of movement, learning, memory, reward, motivation, emotion
Location: near the thalamus
Putamen
Function: learning and motor control
Location: directly outside of the globus pallidus
Globus pallidus
Function: controls conscious and proprioceptive movements
Location: directly outside of the thalamus
Internal capsule
Function: supports cognitive and perceptual motor systems in the cortex
Location: lateral to the thalamus and caudate nucleus
Substantia nigra
Function: produces dopamine
Location: midbrain