Development and Genetics

Question 1

Neurogenesis

Answer 1

-7 weeks to 5 months
-productional of nerve cells
-nonneural cells divide via mitosis and form the ventricular zone
-stem cell -> progenitor cell -> neuroblast or glioblast

Question 2

Cell migration

Answer 2

-8 to 29 weeks
-Cells follow radical glial cells
-cell adhesion molecules guide migration
-cells migrate to inner layers first

Question 3

Differentiation

Answer 3

-mostly complete by 29 weeks
-Can be influenced by neural environment or can be cell-autonomous

Question 4

Synaptogenesis

Answer 4

-starts at 20 weeks and continues after birth
-dendritic growth is slower than axonal growth, most occurs after birth
-axonal growth involves growth cones, filopds, and tropic molecules

Question 5

growth cones

Answer 5

tip of axon that grows

Question 6

filopod

Answer 6

search for chemicals on target cells

Question 7

tropic molecules

Answer 7

signaling molecule that attracts or repels

Question 8

Neuronal death

Answer 8

-we are born with an overabundance of neurons and synaptic connections
-synaptic connections that aren’t part of a functional network are killed off via apoptosis
-IAPs prevent apoptosis, diablo is produced in mitochondria and binds to IAPs, capsases then cut up proteins and DNA

Question 9

Synapse rearrangement

Answer 9

-refining of synaptic connections
-happens mostly after birth

Question 10

Myelogenesis

Answer 10

-birth of oligodendrocytes and astrocytes
-oligodendrocytes form myelin