Part II: Anesthesia Flashcards
Stages of Anesthesia
Analgesia
Disinhibition
Surgical
Medullary Paralysis
Inhalable Anesthetics
NO Halothane Enflurane Desflurane Isoflurane Sevoflurane
Fixed Anesthetics
Thiopental Methohexital Propofol Etomidate Ketamine Midazolam Fentanyl
Neuromuscular Blocking Agents (paralytics) that should never be used with inadequate anesthesia
d-Tubocurarine
Mivacurium
Rocuronium
Succinylcholine
Local Anesthetics
Cocaine Benzocaine Lidocaine Mepivicaine Bupivicaine Ropivicaine
Two types of Neuromuscular blocking agents
Competitive: nicotinic antagonists (curares)
Depolarizing: nicotinic agonists (succinylcholine)
Histamine release with the
curares (competitive nicotinic antagonists)
blocking VgNaC causes
local anesthesia
which local anesthesias are used for infiltration, nerve block, epidural block
Amides
Amides
Lidocaine Mepivicaine (causes vasoconstriction) Bupivicaine and Ropivicaine (longer DOA)
Potency of local anesthetics affected by
pH. Low pH decreases potency (in infected tissues)
Pregnancy increases sensitivity to what types of anesthesia?
Local anesthesia
Transient radicular irritation w/ spinal administration can cause pooling in the leading to direct neurotoxicity
cauda equina
what is the Otswald coefficient
Solubility in blood in lipid
If the Otswald coefficient is lower, what does that mean about a gas’s ability to equilibrate in the brain?
Lower the Otswald coefficient means the less soluble beans the more rapid rise in partial pressure in the blood leading to faster equilibration with the brain.
this also means faster elimination
