Katzung: Tx Asthma Flashcards
Short Acting Beta-2 agonists promoting bronchodilation
Albuterol (duration 2-4 hours)
Short acting beta agonist available PO or parenteral
Terbutaline
Adverse effects of Albuterol, the beta-2 selective agonists
Tremor, tachycardia
Metaproteranol and terbutaline are also beta 2 agonists used in the treatment of
acute asthma attack
Long Acting Beta-2 selective agonists
Salmeterol, Formoterol, Indacaterol, vilanterol
Nonselective sympathomimetics as an obsolete tx for asthma
Epinephrine, isproteronol
Indirect-acting sympathomimetic used as obsolete tx for asthma
ephedrine (releases stored catecholamines causing nonselective sympathetic effects)
Methylxanthines block _____
Phosphodiesterase 4 which increases cAMP
Methylxanthines such as theophylline have adverse effects related to increasing
Chronotropy, ionotropy, cardiac Output which can increase blood pressure and increase risk of arrythmias
Also increases gastric acid secretions, digestive enzymes
methylxanthines are also weak
diuretics leading to increased GFR and decreased Na reabsorption
Theophylline can also be toxic to the
liver
Muscurininc Antagonists end in ——- and some examples include
-tropium
ipratropium, tiotropium, aclindinum
Muscarinic antagonist that comes as a nasal spray/INH
ipratropium
Muscarinic antagonist that is used to treat asthma that has longer duration of action
Tiotropium
Muscarinic antagonist that provides bronchodilation lasting about 5 hours
atropine
INH corticosteroids that inhibits PLA2 and reduces expression of COX
Beclamethasone, lasts 10-12 hours
Systemic Corticosteroid that is like inhaled but is used for the tx of severe refractory chronic asthma and has a DOA of 12-24 hours
Prednisone
Parenteral steroid used for status asthmaticus
Prednisolone
Why are Leukotriene antagonists used for the treatment of asthma
LTB4 attracts eosinophils, PMNs, Monocytes also decrease contractility, coronary blood flow, recruitment of PMNs in the GI, and promote bronchoconstriction and chemotaxis of eos
Leukotriene antagonist that blocks the LTD4 receptor
Montelukast and zafirlukast (oral)
Leukotriene antagonist that blocks 5-Lipooxygenase
Zileuton
Zileuton toxicity
elevation of liver enzymes
Omalizumab is a parenteral Anti-IgE Mab that prevents
mast cell degranulation
Mepolizumab and Reslizumab is an Anti-IL
Anti-IL-5, prevents IL-5 from binding to mast cells
Prophylaxis that prevents mast cell degranulation by altering delayed chloride channels in cell membranes
Cromolyn, Nedocromil
cAMP promotes
bronchodilation
Adenosine and ACh promote bronchial tone and cconsequent
bronchoconstriction
