Parkisons Flashcards
initial symptoms
-slight stiffness
-tremor of the finger
but it progresses to
-tremor that is most pronounced during inactivity but not during voluntary movement or sleep
-muscle rigidity
-difficulty initiating movement
-slowness of movement
-mask-like face (diminished facial expressivity)
-pain and depression are also common
4 cardinal motor symptoms
- tremor at rest
- Bradykinesia(slow movement)
- Rigidity
- postural instability
symptoms
-depression
-anxiety
-rem sleep behavioural disorder
early warning signs
-diminish the sense of smell
-sleep problems(vivid dreams,rem-sleep behavioural disorder)
-depression
what is the hallmark (a distinctive characteristic ) of Parkinsons?
the degeneration of neurons in the substantia nigra
by the time motor symptoms appear 50 to 80 % of these cells will have already died
it is not just the substentia nigra that is eefcted by parkisons but historacly the one that has been more focused one
no clear case of the disses
Lewy Bodies
are clumps of protein that are found in the surviving neurons of the substantial nigra; also in other areas of the brain
lewy bodies are also found present
in dementia and sometimes alzheimer disease
cortical lewy bodies are the best predictors of dementia in parkison’s
in Parkinson’s with Dementia (PDD) you see 10 times as many
Lewy bodies in the cortex than in the Substantia Nigra;
who gets Parkinson’s?
about 0.5% of the population will develop Parkinson’s disease at some point in their lives
more accurate in male then female
causes of the diesease
in moat cases , no obvious causes
- in some cases are related to gene mutation (alpha-synuclein,parkin)
-many cases are suspected to blinked to environmental causes,like chemical exposure
such as
-paraquat
- maneb
-Rotenone(pesticide)
- strokes
-many blows to the head
-tumour
-brain infections
drug treatment
L-Dopa
try to increase dopamine
