brain dysfanction affecting languague

Question 1

Marc Dax

Answer 1

claimed left hemisphere was asymmetrically dominant for speech

Question 2

aphasia

Answer 2

-aphasia is a disorder that results from dysfuction of the brain’s launguage system

-patients have deficits in the use of languague that cannot be readily attributed to sensory,motor or intellectual dysfunction

Question 3

Broca work

Answer 3

reported the results of postmortem exams of two aphasic patients:they have deficits in the use of languague that were not attributtable to any sensory,motor,or intellectual issues

Question 4

LeBourgne

Answer 4

one of his patients were called LeBourgne

broca’s study of this patient led him to the idea that the leasioned are was important in languague production

he was only able to say tan after the leason

Question 5

Broca’s aphasis (expressive aphasia)

Answer 5

individuals are able to understand languague,but have difficulty forming or articulating words

Question 6

Broca’s aphasia is defined by three core symptoms

Answer 6

1.agrammatism:severe issues using grammar
2.anomia:inability to produce the right words
3.articulation problems

Question 7

Wernicke’s work

Answer 7

new type of languague disorder:

-deficits in languague comprehension

Question 8

Wernicke’s aphasia(receptive aphasia)

Answer 8

individuals are able to speak fluently,but they cannot comprehend languague

Question 9

difference between wernick’s and brocas aphasias

Answer 9

the person can speak perfectly well but they do not understand languague spoke to them

Question 10

case NB

Answer 10

Ihear everything. I also know what to
do with sounds that are not words. But
when you start speaking, it is like
listening to a foreign language.

Question 11

Liepmann’s work

Answer 11

showed that apraxia was almost always associated with left hemesphere demage

Question 12

apraxia

Answer 12

difficulty performing movments with either side of the body when asked to do so,but not when performing spontenly does not effect old motions just new ones

Question 13

Wada test(Juhn Wada

Answer 13

wada test(sodium amytal test)-how to figure out what hemisphere langugue is on

-administered to paitients prior to neurosurgery to determine side of speech lateralization

-sodium amytal is injected into one carotid artery,this anesthsetize the ipsilateral hemisphere and allows the abilities of the contralateral hemisphere to be assed

ask them to count

it is not always the left hemisphere for languague just most!!

Question 14

Dichotic listening task

Answer 14

one hadphone is saying a silable and the other another sillable then ask them what they here

Question 15

FMRI(most often these days)

Answer 15

give a person a probre letter (ex:e)

think of as many words starting with e as possible within 30 s:elephant:extrodinary:exactly

Question 16

FMRI activation during passive listening

Answer 16

a lot in the frontal lobe when u are speking , when listen a lot on the temporal lobe

Question 17

factoid

Answer 17

when participants spoke,
a majority opened the
right half of their mouth
slightly more than the
left

Question 18

it is not true

Answer 18

that lateralization in one side being logic and the other creativity and even the things that have some diffrence is very slightly

Question 19

latterality and handedness

Answer 19

• left hemisphere dominance for language:88% righ-handed,78 left handed

-ambilateralization for languague:12% of right-hand and 15% of left handed

-right hemesphire dominance for languague:0% of right handers,7% of left handed

Question 20

sex differences in tarerality

Answer 20

early reserchsuggests males brains are more laterized

more recent evidence fail to confirm this

Question 21

languague displays the greatest degree of laterality!!

Question 22

wernicke-geschwind

Answer 22

very localized

Question 23

wernicke-geschwind

Answer 23

responding a heard question:

primary auditory context(hear)>Wernick’s area(comprehension)>Broca’s area(articulate words)>primary motor(actually sounds the words)

Question 24

Wernicke-Geschwind Model

Answer 24

reading aloud:

primary visual cortext(read)>information travels to the angular gyrus (translated into auditory form)>Wernick’s area(comprehension)> broca’s area and primary motor cortext for output

Question 25

problams with this model:

Answer 25

-no aphasic patients have demage restricted only to Broca’s area or Wenicke’s area

-aphasic patients almost always have significant demage to white matter(not part of the model)

-demage associated with aphasia is usally not related to demage to these areas

-fails to consider roles of subcortial structures,like the cerebellum

-incomplete anatomy problems

Question 26

general finding

Answer 26

large anterior lesions: are more likekly to produce speech/expressive symptoms

larg posterior leasion: are more likely to produce receptive symptoms

Question 27

current statues

Answer 27

Broca’s and wernicke’s area are importantn languague

expressive aphasia generally results from anterior demage

receprive aphasia generally results from posterior demage

little support for other aspects of the model

Question 28

Cognitive Neuroscience Approach

Answer 28

1.constituet cognitive process

2.languague areas are not excluided

3.areas are small and widely distributed

Question 29

when reading

Answer 29

some activity in the right hemisphere mostly left hemisphere though

Question 30

A Contemporary Network-Based Model
Dual Stream Model: What vs

Answer 30

dorsal streem for sensorimotor intergration (mostly dominant)

ventral streem for speech cpmprehension(bilateral0

happening at the same time=ventral bottom

Question 31

*impairments of languague:Aphasis

Answer 31

aphasia ussually occurs suddenly,often following a stroke or head injury,but it may also develop slowly,as the result of a brain tumor or neurodegenerative disease

the disorder can impair the expression and/or understandong of languague,as well as reading and writting

aphasia may con-occur with other speech disorders,such as apraxia of speech

Question 32

severe aphasia

Answer 32

global aphasia -the worst isnt fluent,dosnt cromprehend,cant repeats

Question 33

aphasias fluent

Answer 33

-Wernick’s aphasia:not comprehend,but can speak fluently(unaware of spoken mistakes)

Question 34

anomic aphasia

Answer 34

kinda fluent but cant find/retrive words or express words they want to say(not well defined area of the problem in the LH)

Question 35

non-fluent aphasia

Answer 35

broca’s aphaisa:most common type of nonfluent aphasia,they understand speech and know what they want to say,but they speak in short phrases with a lot of effort

global aphasia

Question 36

global aphasia

Answer 36

demage to the extensive portions of the languague networks

severe communication difficulties and may be extremely limited in their ability to speak or comprehend languague

Question 37

Primary progressive aphasia(PPA)

Answer 37

PPA is a syndrome languague capabilities become slowly and progressively impaired

-unlike other forms of aphasia,PPA is usually caused by neurodegenarate dissease

Question 38

treatments

Answer 38

-speech-languague pathologists(SLP) support patients in regaing their ability to communicatiom

-therapy aims to improve communication by:activating remaining languague abilities,restoring languague abilities as much as possible,and learning to comunication skills

languague can improve for manyb years

factors that influence recovery:cause of injusry,age,extent of demage,genaral health