Epilepsy

Question 1

seizures

Answer 1

a seizure is an ocassional and excessive, and a disorderly discharge of nerve tissues on muscle seizure can alter consiousness,senstion and behaviour

seizures with more then 24hrs apart = epilepsy

also u cant directly obseerve a seizure

Question 2

epilepsy

Answer 2

characterized by reacuring unprovoked seizures (not a singular phenomenon

Question 3

due to

Answer 3

excessive or synchronous neuronal activity in the brain

Question 4

reflex epilepsy

Answer 4

Reflex epilepsies occur in response to certain outside stimuli or triggers.

Question 5

diagnose relies heavely on

Answer 5

EEG

Question 6

colvulsion

Question 7

types of spikes

Answer 7

1-lctal
2-interictal
3-postitical

Question 8

ictal spike

Answer 8

spikes during seizures

Question 9

interical spike

Answer 9

between seizures

Question 10

postitical spike

Answer 10

after seizure

Question 11

epileptic aura

Answer 11

describe the warning they feel before they have a seizure.

( usually a tonic clonic seizure)

not every epiletic will have an aura

auras may involve

Question 12

epileptic aura is important because :

Answer 12

1- the nature of the aura is predictive of the epileptic focus

2-they warn the person with epilepsy that a seizure will occur

Question 13

in seizures there are two types

Answer 13

1-Focal Seizure : does not involve the entire brain. usually localized in a single brain area

2-Generalized seizures:involve the entire brain

Question 14

Secondary generalization

Answer 14

when a Focal seizure evolves to a Generalized seizure

Question 15

in focal seizures exists:

Answer 15

a) Simple Partial
b) Complex Partial

Question 16

a) Simple Partial

Answer 16

symptoms are primarily sensory or motor or both

typically no loss of consciousness

Question 17

b) Complex Partial (most common seizure)

Answer 17

Patients engage in compulsive, repetitive, simple behaviours (automatism) and more complex behaviours that can appear perfectly normal

disruption and/or alteration of consciousness is common

common to also push to the side , turn their neck and pick

Question 18

Generalized seizures

Answer 18

a) Absence
b)Tonic-Clonic

Question 19

a) Absence

Answer 19

no significant convulsion

the primary symptoms are:
-loss of consciousness
-cessation of on going behaviour
-vacant look ,fluttering eyelid

Intericals spikes are also very characteristic

Question 20

b) Tonic-Clonic

Answer 20

tonic-clonic seizures involve both stiffening and twitching or jerking of a person’s muscles

symptoms :
-loss of consciousness
- loss of equilibrium,
-violent tonic-clonic convulsion.
-Tongue-biting, urination,
-cyanosis

Question 21

risk factors for epilepsy

Answer 21

-Genetics
-Infection
-Injury
-Unknown (most common)

Question 22

mechanisms (early vs late seizures)

Answer 22

Immediate seizure = occurring within 24h after injury

Early seizure = occur less than 1 week after injury

Late seizure = occur more then 1 week after injury

latent period = time between injury and onset of late seizures

Question 23

epileptogesis

Answer 23

process of seizure to no seizure

Question 24

people with epilepsy are more likely to experience

Answer 24

-diabetes
-major depressive dissorder
-anxiety disorders
-migrain hedach
-stroke
-heart disease

Question 25

common treatment for epilepsy

Answer 25

1-anticonvulsants (have mixed side effects)
2-ketogenic diet
3-Vagus nerve stimulation

Question 26

ketogenic diet

Answer 26

work better on kids
reduce 50% of symptoms
diet that consists of :
-high fat
-medium protein
-low carb

Question 27

vagus nerve stimulation

Answer 27

using a pulse generator to protect patients from stress

Question 28

for several intractable epilepsy ,surgical procedures are sometimes needed

Answer 28

by removing pices of the brain that are mostly effected by sizures

-hipocampus is one region of the brain that is very much known to have seizures