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TV2001 > Parasitology - Lecture 8 > Flashcards

Parasitology - Lecture 8 Flashcards

1
Q

What is a common name for Phylum Acanthocephala?

A

thorny headed worms

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2
Q

What are the general features of parasites of the phylum Acanthocephala?

A

body:
- thick cuticle
- made up of proboscis (retractable with hooks), neck and trunk (whitish, flattened with wrinkles)
- separate sexes (smaller males)
- no GIT
- indirect lifecycle
- parasite of the GIT in fish, birds and mammals

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3
Q

What 2 families are under the Phylum Acanthocephala?

A

Family Oligacanthorhynchidae

Family Polymorphydae

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4
Q

What 2 genuses belong to the family Oligacanthorhynchidae?

A

genus Macracanthorynchus

genus Oncicola

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5
Q

What genus belongs to the family Polymorphydae?

A

genus Polymorphus

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6
Q

What species and where does Macracanthorhynchus hirudinaceus infect?

A

small intestine of pigs

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7
Q

describe the morphology of Macracanthorhynchus hirudinaceus

A
  • up to 35cm
  • body is whitish or pale red,flattened, transversally wrinkled
  • proboscis with 6 transverse rows of hooks
  • eggs: 3 layers, embryonated
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8
Q

describe the lifecycle of Macracanthorynchus hirudinaceus

A

IH= may beetles, dung beetles, water beetles, etc.
- embryonated eggs pooped out
- beetles ingest eggs
- eggs develop infective stage (cystacanth)
- pigs ingest IH
PPT = 2-3 months

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9
Q

what are some features of Oncicola pomatostomi?

A

hosts: cats and dogs
location: small intestine
IH = unknown
DH infected by ingesting paratenic host (birds)

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10
Q

What species and where do Oncicola canis infect?

A

small intestine of cats and dogs

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11
Q

What species ad where do Polymorphus boschadis infect? what is the IH?

A

ducks, swans, fowl
small intestine
IH= fresh water shrimp

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12
Q

What is a common name for the phylum Platyhelminthes?

A

flatworms

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13
Q

describe the general features of parasites of the phylum platyhelminthes

A
  • body dorsoventrally flattened, bilaterally symmetrical with no body cavity
  • organs embedded in parenchyma
  • body covered in syncytial tegument
  • GIT: incomplete or absent
  • circulatory and resp systems absent
  • muscle layers developed
  • organs of attachment to host: suckers and hooks
  • usually hermaphrodites
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14
Q

What are 4 important classes within the phylum Platyhelminthes?

A
  1. Turbellaria
  2. Monogenea
  3. Trematoda
  4. Cestoda
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15
Q

describe the features of Turbellaria

A
  • freshwater, marine or terrestrial

- almost entirely freeliving

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16
Q

describe the features of Monogenea

A
  • ecto or endo parasites
  • adhesive organs
  • simple lifecycle, no alternation of hosts
17
Q

describe the features of Trematoda

A
  • flukes
  • has suckers (oral and ventral)
  • short and generally flat
  • operculated eggs
  • lifecycle involves at least 1 IH
  • most are endoparasites, but some are ecto
18
Q

describe the features of Cestoda

A
  • tapeworms
  • can be meters long
  • body made of segments clled proglottids
  • normally locate in small intestine
  • lifecycle involves IH
19
Q

describe the general features of the subclass Digenea (Trematodes)

A
  • endoparasites
  • attachment organ normally simple (unarmed ventral sucker)
  • GIT well developed but incomplete (no anus). has mouth, oral sucker, pharynx, oesophagus, and caeca
  • hermaphroditic usually
  • M have testes
  • F have ovaries, uterus, vitilline glands
  • complex lifecycle normally with molluscan IH
20
Q

What are the lifecycle stages of the subclass Digenea (Trematodes)

A
  1. adult
  2. operculated egg
  3. miracidium
    - often ciliated, invade IH and multiply asexually
  4. sporocyst
    - a germinal sac
  5. redia
    - usually elongated with rudimentary GIT
  6. cercaria
    - forms inside IH and shed in environment. motile with tail
  7. metacercaria
    - encyst of cercaria
    - mature to adult after ingestion
  8. adult
21
Q

describe the morphology of Fasciola hepatica

A
  • leaf shaped
  • anterior end ccone shaped, broad shoulders
  • oral sucker at mouth and ventral sucker at shouders
  • tegument has sharp spines
  • caec branched and extend posteriorly
  • testes are branched
  • ovary located on to right of middle, anterior to testes
  • uterus anterior to testes
  • vitilline glands are on lateral sides
  • eggs: thin shelled, yellow, operculated
22
Q

What species and where does Fasciola hepatic infect? what is the IH?

A

adult worms in bile ducts of ruminants, pigs, hares, horses, dogs, humans, etc.
juvenile stages migrate through liver
IH = snails (Austropeplea tomentosa)

23
Q

What conditions do Fasciola hepatica eggs need to develop?

A
  • humidity
  • good temp
  • oxygen
24
Q

describe the lifecycle of Fasciola hepatica

A
  • eggs pooped out, miracidium begin to develop\
  • must find IH within 24hrs. penetrate snail and become sporocysts and migrate to liver of snail where rediae developes
  • rediae are motile and can cause damage to snail
  • cercaria develop inside rediae
  • 1 miracidium yields 4000 cercaria
  • cercaria leave snail after 4-7 weeks and settle on objects like grass and encyst and turn into metacercaria
  • DH ingests metacercaria which encyst in small intestine
  • penetrate intestine and move to peritoneum and migrate to liver
  • burrow through liver for 2 months causing extreme damage
  • migrate to bile ducts and grow toadults
  • PPT = 2 months
  • feed on blood
25
Q

What is a common name for Paramphistomes?

A

stomach flukes

26
Q

What species and where do paramphistomes infect?

A

rumen and reticulum of cattle and sheep

- immature stages in the duodenum and abomasum

27
Q

describe the morphology and features of paramphistomes

A
  • thick bodied, pear shaped
  • light red when live
  • 2 suckers, one anterior and one posterior (posterior used to fix to mucosa)
  • eggs: operculated, pale greenish
28
Q

describe the lifecycle of Paramphistomes

A

IH = snails from family Planorbidae
- external phase of development similar to fascioloa hepatica
- eggs pooped out
- miracidium develop, invade snail, become sporocysts, then redia, then cercaria emerge from snails, encyst on vegetation and are ingested s metacercaria
- metacercaria excysts and atach to mucosa at SI
PPT =2 months

29
Q

What species and where does Echinostoma revolutum infect?

A

duck, goose, etc.

rectum and caeca

30
Q

What is a common name for Dicrocoelium dentiticum?

A

’ lancet flukes’, ‘small liver flukes’

31
Q

what species and where does Dicrocoelium dentriticum infect? what is the IH?

A

bile ducts and gall bladder of ruminants, rabbits, pigs, horses, dogs, humans, etc.
IH = snails and ants

32
Q

describe the morphology of Dicrocoelium dentriticum

A
  • lancet shaped body
  • smooth semi-transparent surface
  • 2 suckers
  • eggs: operculated, dark brown, asymmetrical, contain miracidium with 2 germ balls
33
Q

describe the lifecycle of Dicrocoelium dentriticum

A
  • eggs pooped out and ingested by snails
  • cercaria extrude from snails in clusters, enveloped in slime balls
  • slime balls ingested by ants and become metacercaria
  • cercaria paralyze the ant on the tip of grass
  • ruminants ingest ant with grass .
  • juvenile stages attracted to bile and go up bile ducts
    PPT = 2 months

TV2001 (21 decks)

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