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TV2001 > Parasitology - Lecture 4 > Flashcards

Parasitology - Lecture 4 Flashcards

1
Q

What order or nematodes has the most significant species of parasites to animals?

A

Order Strongylida

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2
Q

what are some common names for parasites of the Order Strongylida?

A

“strongyles”, “bursate nematodes”

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3
Q

Describe the general morphology of parasites of the superfamily Ancylostomatoidea

A 
Anterior end: bent dorsally, buccal capsule with no leaf crowns. has teeth or cutting plate 
Posterior end (M): have copulatory bursa 
Eggs: thin shelled, morula stage
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4
Q

What is a common name for parasites of the superfamily Ancylostomatoidea?

A

hookworms

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5
Q

Where do Ancylostomatoidea parasites locate in the host? What do they feed on?

A

adults in the small intestine

- feed on blood,mucosa, tissue and fluids

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6
Q

What species of Ancylostomatoidea infect dogs?

A

A. braziliense
A. ceylancum
Uncinaria stenocephala`

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7
Q

What species of Ancylostomatoidea infect cats?

A

A. tubaeforme
A. braziliense
A. ceylancium
Uncinaria stenocephala

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8
Q

What species of Ancylostomatoidea infect ruminants?

A

Bunostomum trigonocephalum
B. phlebotomum
Gaigeria spp.

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9
Q

What species of Ancylostomatoidea infect Pigs?

A

Globocephalus spp.

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10
Q

Describe the morphology of A. caninum

A

9-20mm
white or reddish
buccal capsule with 3 pairs of teeth on ventral margin
eggs: oval, thin shelled, morula stage

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11
Q

Describe the morphology of A. braziliense

A

6-10mm

buccal capsule with 2 pairs of teeth on the ventral margin

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12
Q

Describe the morphology of A. ceylancium

A

6-10mm

buccal capsule with 2 pairs of teeth on the ventral margin

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13
Q

Describe the morphology of Uncinaria stenocephala

A

5-12mm
pair of cutting plates on the ventral border of the buccal capsule
eggs: oval, thin shelled, lateral sides almost parallel, morula stage

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14
Q

Describe the pathology and significance of A. caninum

A

large quantities of blood pass rapidly through the worm, causing mass blood loss from host. host takes bite from host and may change spots 4-6 times/ day.
- host may lose 0.2mL of blood/ day/ adult worm

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15
Q

What is the significance of the Ancylostomatoidea worms on human health?

A

A. ceylancium can mature in humans. larvae of dog hookworms can cause cutaneous larval migrans (CLM).
- hookworms release chemicals to regulate the immune response of the host

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16
Q

What are the hosts of A. caninum?

A

dog, fox, wolf,

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17
Q

where does A. caninum locate in the host?

A

small intestine

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18
Q

describe the lifecycle of A. caninum

A
  • eggs laid and passed in poop
  • develop L1 to L3 in environment
  • best temp is 25-30C, and wont develop below 15C
  • can infect the host through skin,migrate to heart, lungs, trachea, then intestines. PPT = 4-5 weeks
  • can infect host orally(environment, milk or paratenic host), mature in intestine. PPT= 2-3 weeks
  • some L3 will migrate to somatic tissue and arrest. can be reactivated and migrate to intestine, or during pregnancy will migrate to mammary glands and [ass to puppies.
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19
Q

What factors affect the probability of A. caninum larvae undergoing arrested development?

A
  • age/ resistance of host

- temp the L3 were exposed to before infection

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20
Q

What is the significance of arrested development?

A
  • most anthelmintics ineffective against arrested larvae
  • larvae cannot be detected
  • acts as a reservoir to replace adult worms that may be killed
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21
Q

What are the hosts of A. braziliese?

A

dog, cat, fox, etc.

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22
Q

where does . braziliense locate in the host?

A

small intestine

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23
Q

Describe the lifecycle of A. braziliense

A

similar to A. caninum. however there is no transmammary transmission

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24
Q

What are the hosts of Uncinaria stenocephala?

A

dog, cat, fox, etc.

25
Q

where does Uncinaria stenocephala locate in the host?

A

small intestine

26
Q

describe the lifecycle of Uncinaria stenocephala

A

normally orally, but some through skin.
no transmammary transmission
best temp is 20C

27
Q

describe the morphology of A. tubaeforme

A

7-12mm

buccal capsule with 3 pairs of teeth on ventral margin

28
Q

describe the lifecycle of A. tubaeforme

A
  • eggs from F passed in poop
  • L1-L3 in environment
  • best temp 20-26C
  • infection orally, through skin or paratenic hosts
29
Q

What species do Bunostomum trigonocephalum infect? where in the host? what does it eat?

A

small intestine of sheep and goats.feeds on blood

30
Q

describe the morphology of Bunostomum trigonocephalum

A

18-26mm
- buccal capsule is large and has pair of cutting plates (ventral margin), dorsal cone/ tooth (dorsal margin), pair of subventral lancets near base.

31
Q

how can B. phlebotomum be differentiated from B trigonocephlum?

A

shorter dorsal cone, two pairs of sub ventral lancets,long spicules

32
Q

What species do Bunostomum phlebotomum infect and where? what do they eat?

A

small intestine of cattle. feeds on blood

33
Q

describe the lifecycle of Bunostomum spp.

A

eggs: thin shelled, morula stage
- eggs develop between 15-34C
- infection of host through skin (migrate to lungs then coughed up and swallowed) or ingestion of pasture (mature in wall of intestine before emerging into lumen to mature to adults)
PPT = 2 months

34
Q

Describe the general features of the superfamily Metastrongyloidea

A

anterior end: mouth small or absent. has 6 lips or lips are small.
anterior end: bursa is small.

35
Q

What is a common name for parasites of the superfamily Metastrongyloidea?

A

lungworms

36
Q

What species are not affected by Metastrongyloidea?

A

cattle or horses

37
Q

Describe the general lifecycle of Metastrongyloidea

A
  • eggs or larvae passed in poop
  • Indirect lifecycle (L1-L3 in gastropods, ingested, migrate to lungs)
  • direct lifecycle (L1 infects the host)
38
Q

Describe the general morphology of the genus Metastrongylus

A

Body: white, filiform
anterior end: mouth with 2 trilobed lips
posterior end (M): bursa has specific shapes. spicules long and transversally striated
posterior end (F): appears digitiform

39
Q

Where does Metastrongylus apri locate in the host? what species does it infect?

A

trachea, bronchi and bronchioles of sheep

40
Q

describe the morphology of Metastrongylus apri

A

Eggs: have a corrugated surface and are embryonated when laid
- same as general morphology, but spicules end in a hook (posterior looks like finger with a claw)

41
Q

describe the lifecycle of Metastrongylus apri

A

indirect lifecycle
- eggs laid in resp tract, coughed and swallowed, leave in poop.
- eggs MUST be ingested by earthworms to develop to L3
- infective earthworms ingested by pig, and migrate to lungs via SI.
PPT = 3-6 weeks

42
Q

Describe the lifecycle of Protostrongylus rufescens

A
  • eggs laid and hatch in lungs. coughed up and pooped
  • L1 invades snails/ slugs and reaches L3
  • host eats snails/ slugs with L3, reach lungs via SI.
    PPT = 30-40 days
43
Q

What is the host and location of Protostrongylus rufescens?

A

small bronchioles of sheep and goats

44
Q

What is the host and location of Muellerius capillaris?

A

terminal bronchioles and alveoli of sheep and goats

45
Q

What is the host and location of Cystocaulus ocreatus?

A

terminal bronchioles and alveoli of sheep and goats

46
Q

What is the host and location of Osleurus osleri?

A

nodules at the junction of the trachea and bronchi of dogs

47
Q

What is the host and location of Angiostrongylus vasorum

A

pulmonary artery and right side of the heart of dogs

48
Q

What is the host and location of Angiostrongylus cantonensis

A

Adults in pulmonary artery of rats

Larvae in the brain

49
Q

What is the host and location of Aelurostrongylus abstrusus?

A

bronchioli, alveoli and pulmonary artery of cats

50
Q

What is the morphology of Osleurus osleri?

A

slender, 4-15mm long worms
M have no bursa, posterior rounded with subequal spicules
F have bluntly rounded tail
eggs: thin shelled, embryonated when laid
larvae have ‘S’ shaped tail

51
Q

Describe the lifecycleof Osleurus osleri

A
  • no development needed outside host as L1 in saliva or poo is infective.
  • infection normally from mum to pups because L1 canot survive in environment for long
  • PPT = 10 weeks
52
Q

What is a common name for Angiostrongylus vasorum?

A

french heartworm

53
Q

describe the morphology of Angiostrongylus vasorum

A
  • small reddish worms
  • white ovaries coiled around red intestine
  • bursa of M is small, spicules are subequal
54
Q

describe the lifecycle of Angiostrongylus vasorum

A

indirect (IH = snails and slugs)
- eggs laid in lung capillaries, hatch and penetrate alveoli, coughed and swallowed. shed in poop.
- IH infected with L1
- host infected by ingesting IH, paratenic hosts or food containing slime from IH
- L3 pierce GIT and migrate to pulmonary arteries
PPT = 28-108 days
host can be infected for life

55
Q

describe the lifecycle of Angiostrongylus cantonensis

A

IH = slugs and snails

  • ingest IH with L3
  • ingest slime from IH
  • ingest paratenic host
56
Q

What pathology is cused by infection with Aelurostrongylus abstrusus?

A

development of nodules in lungs which are firm, raised and greyish in colour

57
Q

describe the morphology of Aelurostrongylus abstrusus

A
  • tiny (>10mm), slender
  • dark brown, black when fresh
  • males have small bursa
  • female vulva opens near anus
58
Q

describe the lifecycle of Aelurostrongylus abstrusus

A

indirect
- F lay eggs that embryonate and hatch in alveolar ducts, coughed and swallowed, shed in poop
- IH = slugs and snails
- PH = rodents, birds, reptiles.
- infection by ingestion of PH or IH
- larvae migrate from stomach to lungs within 24hours
PPT = 4-6 weeks

TV2001 (21 decks)

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