GIT Physiology and Metabolism - Lecture 8 + 9 Flashcards
How can amino acid be utilised?
- protein synthesis in the liver and skeletal muscle
- gluconeogenesis
- deamination and energy production in liver
- precursor for intermediates in urea cycle
- Contribute to ATP production via oxidative phosphorylation
What happens to glycerol in liver cytosol?
converted to glucose or converted to pyruvate and enter TCA cycle
What does NESA stand for?
Non-Esterified Fatty Acids
What happens when there are increased concentrations of amino acids in plasma?
stimulates release of both insulin and glucagon
What amino acid is essential in cats in particular and why?
Arginine. They cannot synthesise it from glutamine like other mammals
Why is protein turnover important?
safeguards against buildup of harmful or damaged proteins/peptides that may disrupt metabolic processes. also facilitates rapid changes in cell regulatory signalling molecules and enzymes regulating fluxes of metabolites through biochemical processes
what is the maximum turnover rate of muscle protein pool?
approx 50mg/g muscle/ day
Why is it inefficient to feed a lower quality protein source (poor balance of AAs) to make up for a shortfall of one or more limiting essential AAs in the monogastric diet?
an increase in the oxidation of one AA increases the oxidation of all AAs so this won’t correct it. The extra protein is wasted and there is energetic cost to excreting the AA groups as urea
What type types of lipoproteins are quantitatively important for transportation of triacylglycerides in the circulation?
- chylomicrons from the SI
- Very Low Density Lipoproteins (VLDL) from liver
What is supplied by VLDL
tissues that have an active lipoprotein lipase with free fatty acids and they are an important source of cholesterol for cell division, growth and development
