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TV2001 > Parasitology - Lecture 3 > Flashcards

Parasitology - Lecture 3 Flashcards

1
Q

What are the general features of parasites of the superfamily Strongyloidea?

A
  • often large buccal capsule
  • mouth surrounded by corona radiata
  • bursa well developed in M
  • direct lifecycles
  • mostly in large intestine
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2
Q

What are the families within the superfamily Strongyloidea?

A
  • Family:
    strongylidae
    chabertiide
    Syngamidae
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3
Q

What are the subfamilies within the family Strongylidae?

A

Strongylinae

Cyathostominae

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4
Q

What are the genuses within the subfamily strongylinae?

A

strongylus

Triodontophorus

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5
Q

What are the genuses within the subfamily Cyathosominae?

A

Cyathostomum
Cylicocyclus
cylicostephanus

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6
Q

What are the subfamilies within the family Chabertiidae?

A

Chabertiinae

Oesophagostominae

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7
Q

What are the genuses within the subfamily Chabertiinae?

A

chabertia

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8
Q

What are the genuses within the subfamily Oesophagostominae?

A

Oesophagostomum

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9
Q

What are the subfamilies within the family Syngamidae?

A

Syngaminae

Stephanurinae

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10
Q

What are the genuses within the subfamily Syngaminae?

A

Syngamus

Cyathostoma

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11
Q

What are the genuses within the subfamily Stephanurinae?

A

Stephanurus

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12
Q

What parasite genuses of the superfamily strongyloide infect horses?

A

Strongylus, Triodontophorus, Cyathostomum, Cylicocyclus, Cylicostephanus

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13
Q

What parasite genuses of the superfamily strongyloide infect ruminants?

A

Chabertia, Oesophagostumum

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14
Q

What parasite genuses of the superfamily strongyloide infect Pigs?

A

oesophgostomum, Stephanurus

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15
Q

What parasite genuses of the superfamily strongyloide infect birds?

A

Syngamus, Cyathostoma

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16
Q

Within the family Strongylidae, which subfamily are the ‘large strongyles’?

A

strongylinae

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17
Q

Within the family Strongylidae, which subfamily are the ‘small strongyles’?

A

cyathostominae

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18
Q

What species of strongylus are there?

A
  • S. vulgarus
  • S. edentatus
  • S. equinus
  • A. asini (not in aus)
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19
Q

explain the morphology of Strongylus vulgaris

A

size: 11-25mm
colour: dark red
anterior end: buccal capsule oval, big and contains 2 ear shaped (heart shaped) teeth and a dorsal gutter. 2 leaf crowns
posterior end (M): bursa and 2 thin, equal spicules
eggs: 90-50 microns, thin shelled, contain many cells (morula)

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20
Q

where do strongylus vulgaris locate in the host and what do they eat?

A

large intestine (caecum and colon) and eat blood and plugs of mucosa

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21
Q

Explain the lifecycle of strongylus vulgaris

A
  • eggs shed in feces
  • larvae develop in eggs if conditions are good and hatch
  • L1-L3 develop in environment
  • L3 migrate to grass where they are ingested
  • L3 exsheath in SI and burrow into wall. moult to L4.
  • L4 move to submucosal arterioles, migrate to cranial mesenteric artery where they spend 3-4 months before moulting to L5 (immature adults)
  • L5 returns to intestine via bloodstream where they form pea sized nodules in intestine wall. these rupture to release the worms.
  • PPT =6-7 months
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22
Q

describe the morphology of Strongylus edentatus

A

size: 23-44mm
anterior end: large oval buccal capsule with dorsal gutter and no teeth. 2 leaf crowns
posterior (M): bursa and 2 spicules

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23
Q

Where do Strongylus edentatus locate in the host?

A

adults: large intestine (caecum and colon)
larvae: liver and subperitoneal tissue (right flank)

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24
Q

describe the lifecycle of Strongylus edentatus

A
  • L3 ingested from grass.
  • L3 burrows through intestine and reaches the liver via the hepatic portal system
  • L3 molt to L4 and migrate throughout the liver, creting nodules.
  • L4 travels via hepatic ligment to the subperitoneal tissues on the right flank
  • worms return to intestine via mesentery where they form nodules which release parasites into lumen
  • PPT = 10-12 months
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25
Q

Describe the morphology of Strongylus equinus

A

size: 25-55mm
anterior end: big oval buccal capsule with 3 teeth. dorsal tooth bigger with a bifid tip and a dorsal gutter. 2 leaf crowns

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26
Q

where do strongylus equinus locate in the host?

A

adults: large intestine (caecum and colon)
larvae: liver and pancreas

27
Q

describe the lifecycle of strongylus equinus

A
  • L3 ingested and form nodules on wall of caecum and colon.
  • molt to L4 in nodules and travel to liver across peritoneal cavity (takes 6+ weeks)
  • no nodules formed from liver migration
  • migrate to the pancreas before reaching the intestine
    PPT = 8-9 months
28
Q

What is the location in the host of parasites of the genus tridontophorus? and what species does it infect?

A

caecum and colon of equids

29
Q

Describe the general morphology of parasites of the genus Triodontophorus

A

size: 9-25mm
anterior end: buccal capsule subglobular, thick walled, 3 radially arranged teeth that are half buccal capsule length, well developed dorsal gutter. has a mouth/ oral collar and leaf crowns

30
Q

What is a species of the genus Triodontophorus?

A

T. tenuicollis

31
Q

Describe the lifecycle of Triodontophorus tenuicollis

A
  • host ingests L3
  • L3 enter wall of cecum and colon, molt to L4
  • L4 emerges into lumen
  • molt to adult while in lumen
    PPT = 9 weeks
32
Q

Describe the feeding of Triodontophorus tenuicollis

A
  • plug feeders and blood suckers
  • feed in groups/ nests
  • cause ulceration and blood loss
33
Q

How many species are there within the subfamily Cyathostominae?

A

more than 50

34
Q

Describe the general morphology of worms within the subfamily Cyathostominae

A

size: <1.5cm
colour: red sometimes
anterior end: buccal capsule short and cylindrical or ring shaped. Most dont have teeth
eggs: thin shelled, morula stage

35
Q

what is the location in the host of parasites of the subfamily Cyathostominae?

A

caecum and colon

36
Q

Describe the lifecycle of worms of the subfamily Cyathostominae

A
  • eggs laid. L1 forms inside the egg, then hatches.
  • ingested L3
  • L3 exsheaths and enters glands of Lieberkuhn in caecum and colon.
  • host forms a cyst around parasite, where it will develop
  • L3 can either molt to L4, emerge from cyst and molt to adult. or persist as inhibited L3 for up to 2.5 years
  • emergence of parasites into lumen is major pthogenic event. they all emerge at once and can kill the host
    PPT = 5-6 to 18 weeks
37
Q

What factors are involved in ‘inhibited’ development?

A
  • environmental
  • population of cyathostomes in the GIT
  • immune response
38
Q

What factors can trigger the resumption of larval development and emergence from nodules in Cyathostomes

A
  • change in season
  • anthelmintic treatments (removal of worms from GIT might trigger replacements)
  • immunosuppression
39
Q

What species from the superfamily Strongyloidea infect ruminants?

A
  • Chabertia ovina

- Oesophagostomum spp.

40
Q

Describe the morphology of Chabertia ovina?

A

size: 14-20mm
anterior end: large, subglobular buccal capsule, opens anteroventrally. small leaf crowns. transverse and ventral cervical groove
posterior end (M): bursa well developed.
posterior end (F): short tail, sharply reduced posterior to anus and ends in dorsally curved point
eggs: 90-50 microns, thin shelled, many cells inside (morula)

41
Q

describe the lifecycle of Chabertia ovina

A
  • L3 ingested with pasture
  • L3 exsheath and enter mucosa of SI
  • moult to L4 after 1 week
  • L4 returns to lumen and migrates to LI where they moult to adults
    PPT = 6-7 weeks
42
Q

Where do oesophagostomum spp. locate in in the host? what hosts?

A

large intestine of ruminants, pigs, etc.

43
Q

Describe the general morphology of Oesophagostomum spp.

A

anterior end: mouth surrounded by mouth collar. shallow, cylindrical and ring shaped buccal capsule. cervical groove present. cuticle between mouth and ventral groove is inflated to form a cephalic vesicle.

44
Q

What is the host and location in the host of Oesophagostomum columbianum?

A

large intestine of sheep, goats, etc.

45
Q

What is the host and location in the host of Oesophagostomum venulosum?

A

large intestine of sheep, goats, etc.

46
Q

What is the host and location in the host of Oesophagostomum radiatum?

A

large intestine of cattle

47
Q

Describe the general lifecycle of Oesophagostomum spp.

A

-eggs shed in poop
- L1-L3 in environment, then ingested with pasture
- L3 enters mucosa of any part of intestine (sml or lrg) and forms nodules. molts to L4 in nodules
- L4 leavs nodules and molts to adult in lumen of lrg intestine.
PPT = 6 weeks

48
Q

What condition is caused by infection of Oesophagostomum spp. in the gut wall?

A

peritonitis (perforation of the intestine)

49
Q

What species from the superfamily Strongyloidea infect pigs?

A

Oesophagostomum spp.

Stephanurus dentatus

50
Q

Describe the morphology of Oesophagostomum dentatum

A
  • stout, whitish body, up to 14mm long
  • cephalic vesicle prominent
  • almost absent cervical alae
  • cervical papillae: towards posterior end of oesophgus
  • eggs: ovoid, thin shelled. many cells inside (morula)
51
Q

What species and where does Oesophagostomum dentatum infect?

A

large intestine of pigs

52
Q

Describe the lifecycle of Oesophagostomum dentatum

A

similar to other species of oesophagostomum, except L3 mainly enters to mucosa of the lrg intestine (instead of both lrg and sml) and cause nodules.

53
Q

What is a common name for Oesophagostomum dentatum?

A

nodule worm of the pig

54
Q

What is a common name for Stephanurus dentatus?

A

kidney worm

55
Q

Where do adult Stephanurus dentatus worms locate in the host?

A
  • perirenal fat in cysts that are connected to the pelvis of the kidney or to the uterus.
  • pelvis of the kidney and walls of the ureters
56
Q

Where do larvae Stephanurus dentatus worms locate in the host?

A

liver, peritoneal cavity and other organs

57
Q

Describe the morphology of Stephanurus dentatus

A
  • lrg, stout worms M= 2-3cm F= 3-5cm
  • cuticle is very transparent (easily see organs)
  • cup shaped buccal capsule, small leaf crown
  • triangular teeth at base of buccal capsule
  • M have a small bursa, rays are short
  • tail of F is short and stumpy
  • eggs: thin shelled, 32-64 cells (morula)
58
Q

describe the lifecycle of Stephanurus dentatus

A
  • eggs passed in urine
  • L1-L3 in environment
  • earthworms may serve as transport host
  • infection via ingestion of L3 in food, water or earthworms. also percutaneously
  • molt to L4 after ingestion and migrate to liver via portal vein
  • final molt in liver and wander in parenchyma of liverfor 3-9 months
  • pierce liver capsule and migrate to perirenal region
  • immature adults perforate walls of ureters, form cysts and sexual mature
  • PPT = 6-12 months
59
Q

What species from the superfamily Strongyloidea infect birds?

A

Syngamus trachea

60
Q

What is a common name for Syngamus trachea? Why is it named that?

A

gape worm. because the bird has its mouth gaping open

61
Q

What are the hosts and location within the host of Syngamus trachea? What does it feed on?

A
  • turkey, fowl, pheasants, etc.
  • trachea.
  • blood
62
Q

Describe the morphology of Syngamus trachea

A
  • female and male always coupled and has a Y shape
  • red colour when fresh
  • eggs: ellipsoidal shape, operculum at each pole, relatively thick shelled, morula stage
63
Q

Describe the lifecycle of Syngamus trachea

A
  • eggs coughed up, swallowed and pooped into environment
  • L1-L3 within egg.
  • infection of host by ingestion of eggs with L3, free L3 (not very resistant) or paratenic host containing L3 (earthworms, slugs, snails, etc.).
  • L3 travel to liver, lungs (moults twice) and trachea
    PPT= 16-20 days

TV2001 (21 decks)

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