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TV2001 > Parasitology - Lecture 7 > Flashcards

Parasitology - Lecture 7 Flashcards

1
Q

Describe the general features of the superfamily Filaroidea

A
  • long, thin and slender
  • anterior and posterior are simple
  • eggs contain larvae or microfilariae
  • locate in blood and lymph nodes, body cavities, CT, etc.
  • indirect lifecycles (IH = arthropods)
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2
Q

What 2 families are under the superfamily Filarioidea?

A
  • Filariidae

- Onchocercidae

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3
Q

What is the general feature of he family Filariidae?

A

locate in skin/ subcut tissue, cause skin lesions that attract IH to take eggs and larvae

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4
Q

What is a common name for the pathology caused by Parafilarioa multipapillosa?

A

‘bloody sweat’ or ‘summer bleeding’

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5
Q

what species and where does Parafilaria multipapillosa infect?

A

coiled in nodules in subcut and muscular CT of horses

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6
Q

describe the morphology of Parafilaria multipapillosa

A

large number of papilliform thickening at anterior end

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7
Q

describe the lifecycle of Parafilaria multipapillosa

A

IH = fly

  • skin nodules open and blood containing eggs or larvae flows onto skin of host
  • IH ingests eggs, L3 develops in IH, infected flies transfer L3 when they feed again.
  • disease appears in spring/ summer and disappears in winter. will reoccur annually for 3-4 years before resolving
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8
Q

What species and where does Parafilaria bovicola infect?

A
  • subcut and intermuscular CT in cattle
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9
Q

What species and where does Stephanofilaria spp. infect? how is it transmitted?

A

skin of cattle. transmitted by buffalo fly

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10
Q

What is the significance of Dirofilaria immitis to humans?

A

can infect humans, but wont mature

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11
Q

describe the morphology of Dirofilaria immitis

A
  • elongated, filiform worms, females 25-30cm long
  • circular mouth with no lips
  • female (viviparous) vulva located near anterior end
  • male posterior end is curled
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12
Q

What species and where does Dirofilaria immitis locate in the host?

A

dogs, cats, humans

  • adults in pulmonary artery, right ventricle, right atrium. caudal vena cava in heacy infections
  • microfilaria in blood
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13
Q

describe the features of microfilaria

A
  • found in blood
  • on blood smear with anticoagulant: show nonprogressive motility
  • have a tapering cephalic end and a straight caudal end
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14
Q

decribe the lifecycle fo Dirofilaria immitis

A

IH = mosquitoes

  • microfilariae mature to L3 in mosquito after infection by taking a blood meal
  • L3 migrate to head and mouth parts of mosquito and pass into DH on next feed via puncture wound.
  • PPT = 6-9 months
  • Dirofilaria immitis host intracellular bacteria, “Wolbachia pipientis”. essential for survival and reproduction of worms, so this is target of control of worms
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15
Q

What species and where does Onchocerca cervicalis infect?

A

funicular portion of nuchal ligament of horses

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16
Q

describe the morphology of Onchocerca cervicalis

A
  • white, filariform, striated cuticle with spiral thickening
  • vulva located anteriorly, unequal spicules
  • have microfilaria
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17
Q

What pathology is caused by Onchocerca cervicalis?

A

hypersensitivity reaction to microfilaria cn cause alopecia, scaling, crusting, lichenification, etc.

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18
Q

what species and where does Onchocerca reticulata infect?

A

CT of flexor tendons and suspensory ligament of fetlock, especially front legs
- horses

19
Q

What species and where does Onchocerca gutterosa infect?

A

nucal ligament and scapular cartilage of cattle and horses

20
Q

What species and where dos Onchocerca lienalis infect?

A

gastrosplenic ligament of cattle

21
Q

What species and where does Onchocerca gibsoni infect?

A

tightly coiled in nodules around brisket, stifle and hip of cattle (and sheep)

22
Q

What species and where does Setaria equina infect?

A

peritoneal and pleural cavities, eyes, etc. of horses

23
Q

What species and where does Setaria labiatopapillosa infect?

A

peritoneal cavity of cattle

24
Q

Describe the general features of Suborder Trichinellina (Order Enoplida)

A
  • anterior end more slender than posterior
  • oesophagus very slender tube embedded wih one or more rows of glandular cells
  • M have 1 or 0 spicules
  • eggs with polar plugs (except Trichinella spp.)
25
Q

What two families are under the suborder Trichinellina?

A

Family Trichinellidae

Family Trichuridae

26
Q

describe the general features of Genus Trichinella (Family Trichinellidae)

A
  • wide range of hosts
  • most widespread zoonotic pathogens
  • no exogenous stages
  • 2 generations in the same host
  • depends on carnivorism to transfer from one host to another
27
Q

What are the two different types of species of Trichinella? Whats the main differences?

A

encapsulated
- thick collagen capsule around larvae, infects mammaps

non-encapsulated
- thin collagen capsule around larvae (only visible with electron microscope), infects mammals, birds, reptiles

28
Q

What species of Trichinella spp. is the only one found in Australia?

A

Trichinella pseudospiralis, and only in wildlife

29
Q

What is unique about the morphology of Trichinella spiralis?

A
  • smallest nematode infecting humans

- world’s largest intracelular parasite

30
Q

What species and where does Trichinella spiralis infect?

A

wall of small intestine of pigs, humans, rodents

31
Q

describe the lifecycle of Trichinella spiralis

A
  • host ingests meat with infective larvae
  • L1 invades stomach wall and moults to adult in 28 hours
  • female begins to lay larvae
  • larvae enter lymphatic vessels, then blood vessels, which take them to striated muscle cells
  • infected cell undergoes 3 cell modifications; becomes “nurse cell”, encapsulates larvae and development of capillary network around cell
  • L1 can arrest and stay viable for all of host’s life
  • most active muscles harbour highest % of worms
32
Q

What is a common name for the genus Trichuris?

A

Whipworms

33
Q

describe the morphology of the genus Trichuris

A
  • anterior end: thin. posterior end: thick. abrupt transition from thick to thin.
  • eggs: brown/ yellow and have clear plugs at either end. lemon shaped, thick and smooth shell. very resistant
  • direct lifecycle
  • posterior (M): coiled with one spicule
  • posterior (F): curved
34
Q

describe the lifecycle of Trichuris vulpis

A
  • F lays eggs that are pooped out
  • L3 develops inside egg
  • host ingests embryonated egg
  • hatches in SI, develop and then invade mucosa of LI
    PPT = 70-100 days
35
Q

What species is infected by Trichuris suis?

A

pigs

36
Q

What species is infected by Trichuris vupis?

A

dogs

37
Q

What species is infected by Trichuris ovine?

A

ovine (sheep)

38
Q

describe the general features of genus Capillaria

A
  • small and slender (hairlike), similar to trichuris
  • eggs similar to Trichuris
  • hosts: birds and mammas
  • location: GIT and resp tracts, liver, urinary bladder, etc.
  • direct or indirect lifecycles
39
Q

describe the features of Capillaria annulata

A

hosts: chickens, turkeys, ducks, etc.
location: oesophagus, crop
eggs: bipolar plugs, thick shell
lifecycle: IH = earthworms
PPT = 3-4 weeks

40
Q

What species and where does Capillaria contorta infect? what is the IH?

A

chicken, turkey, phesants, etc.
oesophagus, crop
earthworms

41
Q

What species and where does Capillaria cudinflata infect? what is the IH?

A

chicken, turkey
small intestine
earthworms

42
Q

What species and where does Capillaria obsignata infect?

A

chicken, turkey, pigeon

small intestine

43
Q

What are the features of Capillaria/ Eucoleus aeorphilus/ aerophila?

A

hosts: dogs, cats, foxes
location: trachea, bronchi
eggs: bipolar plugs
- direct and indirect lifecycles (IH = earthworms)

44
Q

What species and where does Capillaria/ Pearsonema plica infect?

A

dogs, cats, wolves, etc.

urinary bladder

TV2001 (21 decks)

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