Parasitology - Lecture 5 Flashcards

1
Q

What are the general features of Order Ascaridida?

A
  • big (up to 50cm), white/ opaque, stout bodies
  • most have 3 lips around mouth
  • Posterior M is usually curved with 2 spicules
  • very prolific
  • eggs have thick shell (high survival rate),usually one cell inside
  • larvae reach L3 within egg
  • location: normally SI
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2
Q

What Ascarids infect pigs?

A

Ascaris suum

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3
Q

What Ascarids infect horses?

A

Parascaris equorum

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4
Q

What Ascarids infect cattle?

A

Toxocara (Neoscaris) vitulorum

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5
Q

What Ascarids infect dogs?

A

Toxocara canis

Toxascaris leonina

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6
Q

What Ascarids infect cats?

A

Toxocara cati

Toxascaris leonina

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7
Q

What are the general features of Ascaris suum?

A
  • dont seem to mature in ruminants, rabits,humans, etc. but will infect them
  • most common GIT worm in pigs
  • high prevalence in pigs younger than 6 months
  • physically identical to Ascaris lumbricoides (the humn ascarid)
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8
Q

Where does Ascaris suum locate in the host?

A
  • Adult: SI, but can be found in stomach, bile ducts and pancreatic ducts in heavy infections
  • Larvae: migrate to liver, heart lungs, coughed up, small intestine.
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9
Q

What is the significance of Ascaris suum to humans?

A

can infect and mature in humans, possibly cause VLM

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10
Q

What is the morphology of Ascaris suum?

A
  • size: up to 45cm,
  • body: stout, pinkish yellow
  • posterior (M): conical, bent, 2 equal spicules
  • F vulva is anterior to middle of body
  • eggs: brown-yellow. thick, mammilated shell. contains one cell
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11
Q

Describe the lifecycle of Ascaris suum?

A
  • 200,000 eggs/ day
  • eggs very resistant to stress
  • 30-33C to develop
  • L3 forms inside egg
  • L3 containing eggs ingested by host, hatch in intestine and burrow into wall
  • reach liver within 24 hrs. reach heart and lungs via blood
  • coughed up and swallowed and mature in intestines,
    PPT = 60 days
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12
Q

What species and where does Parascaris equorum infect?

A
  • adults: SI of horse

- Larvae: migrate through liver, heart, lungs and back to SI

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13
Q

Describe the morphology of Parascaris equorum

A
  • size: up to 50cm
  • body: whitish, stout worms
  • anterior: 3 lips around mouth, large anterior end
  • eggs: brownish, thick-rough shell, 1-2 cells inside
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14
Q

What is the lifecycle of Parascaris equorum?

A

same as Ascaris suum

PPT= 80 days

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15
Q

What species and where does Toxocara vitulorum locate?

A

adults in SI of calves

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16
Q

what is the morphology of Toxocara vitulorum?

A

size: 15-40cm
anterior: 3 lips, cervical alae present but reduced. \
eggs: thick shelled, finely pitted outer coat, 1 cell inside

17
Q

describe the lifecycle of Toxocara vitulorum

A
  • eggs passed in poop
  • host ingests embryonated eggs, but dont develop patent infection.
  • larvae hatch, migrate to liver, lungs, muscles, brain, etc and arrest
  • migrate to mammary glands during partuition and pass to calf.
  • develop in SI of calf with no migration
  • calves shed eggs in poop
18
Q

What is the human significance of Toxocara canis?

A

zoonotic potential. can cause VLM and OLM and other syndromes

19
Q

what is the morphology of Toxocara canis?

A

size: 10-18cm
anterior: 3 lips, cervical alae present and end gradually posteriorly
Posterior: til of M has caudal alae and terminal digitiform appendage. subequal spicules
eggs: subspherical, thick shelled, finely pitted outer coat, dark brown, contain 1 cell

20
Q

What is the lifecycle of Toxocara canis?

A
  • F are prolific
  • 25-30C best temp
  • L3 develop in egg
  • infect by ingestion of eggs, hatch in duodenum and undergo either tracheal or somatic migration (and arrest)
  • hypobiotic larvae are reactivated during pregnancy and infect puppies through milk or via placenta or infect SI of female.
  • may also arrest in paratenic hosts
21
Q

What factors affect whether a parasite undergoes somatic or tracheal migration?

A
  • age
  • immunity
  • sex
  • size of infective dose
22
Q

Where does Toxocara cati infect?

A

small intestine

23
Q

What is the significance of Toxocara cati on human health?

A

can infect humans and cause VLM and OLM

24
Q

what is the morphology of Toxocara cati?

A

size: 3-10cm
anterior: 3 lips, large cervical alae that end abruptly (looks like arrow)
eggs: dark brown, thick, pitted, 1 cell in egg

25
What is the lifecycle of Toxocara cati?
- eggs shed in poop and mature to L3 inside egg - L3 eggs ingested, larvae hatch and either tracheal or somatic migration - tracheal mature in SI - somatic not passed to kittens via placenta, but will via milk - probability of tracheal migration is high - can arrest in paratenic hosts
26
What is the location in the host of Toxascaris leonina?
small intestine
27
What is the morphology of Toxascaris leonina?
size: 5-10cm anterior: 3 lips. long cervical alae eggs: oval, thick shell, smooth outer layer, 1 cell inside
28
What is the lifecycle of Toxascaris leonina?
- fast embryonation of eggs - infect host by ingesting L3 eggs or paratenic hosts - no tracheal migration, mature in intestine. PPT = 2 months - no prenatal or milk transmission
29
What ascarids infect birds?
Ascaridia galli Heterakis gallinarum Heterakis isolonche
30
What species and where does Ascaridia galli infect?
SI of chicken, turkey, goose, etc.
31
Describe the morphology of Ascaridia galli
size: 3-12cm anterior: 3 large lips posterior (M): caudal alae, 10 pairs of papillae, circular precloacal sucker with thick cuticular rim posterior (F): straight, conical eggs: elipsoidal, thick, smooth shell, 1 cell inside
32
what is the lifecycle of Ascaridia galli?
- birds shed eggs in poop - L3 develop in egg (5 days at best temp) - host ingests eggs with L3 - mature in SI PPT 6-8 weeks
33
What species and where does Heterakis gallinarum infect?
caecum of chickens, turkeys, geese, ducks, phesants, etc.
34
what is the morphology of Heterakis gallinrum?
size: 7-15mm anterior end: mouth with 3 lips, 2 alae, oesophagus ends in well developed bulb posterior end (M): large caudal alae, circular precloacal sucker, unequal spicules posterior end (F): long, narrow and pointed eggs: similar to ascaridia galli. elliptical, lateral sides almost parallel, thick, smooth shelled, one cell inside
35
What is the lifecycle of Heterakis gallinrum?
- eggs shed in poop - ingestion of L3 embryonated eggs or ingestion of earthworms, grasshoppers, flies, etc with eggs - L3 hatch in SI, migrate to caeca and molt to adults in 4 weeks
36
Describe the pathogenicity of Heterakis gallinrum. why is this significant?
considered non-pathogenic. important because it is a vector for Histomonas meleagridis