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TV2001 > Parasitology - Lecture 6 > Flashcards

Parasitology - Lecture 6 Flashcards

1
Q

What are the general features of Order Oxyurida?

A
  • normally small (>10mm)
  • oesophagus has posterior bulb
  • F have long, pointed tail (pin worms)
  • M much smaller than F, have single spicule
  • eggs often asymmetrical
  • direct lifecycles
  • infect large intestine of humans, horses, rabbits, rodents
  • generally have reduced pathogenicity
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2
Q

What species and where does Oxyuris equi infect?

A

large intestine of horses

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3
Q

what is the morphology of Oxyuris equi?

A

size: M up to 1.2cm, F up to 15cm
anterior end: hexagonal mouth with 6 lips. 3 teeth in females
posterior end (F): pointed (pinworm)
posterior end (M): truncate tail, 1 spicule, pin shaped
eggs: thick shelled, asymmetrical, mucoid plug at one end, contain morula

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4
Q

describe the lifecycle of Oxyuris equi?

A
  • female worms migrate to anus and emerge head first
  • eggs laid in perianal region embedded in a viscous substance that adheres to surface. yellow/ grey crust when dry.
  • host scratches and spreads eggs in environment
  • molt to L3 in 3-5 days
  • infection by ingestion of embryonated eggs with food
  • L3 hatch in SI, migrate to LI enter crypts of caecum and colon and mature
  • L4 feed on mucosa in lumen. moult toadult
  • adults move to lumen of LI and feed on intestinal content
    PPT = 5 months
  • M dies after copulation. F lives around 6 months
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5
Q

What species and where does Probstmayria vivipara infect? basic morphology?

A

large intestine of horse

size: 0.2-3cm, long filamentous tail

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6
Q

What species and where does Passalurus ambiguus infect?

A

large intestine of rabbits

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7
Q

What species and where does Syphacia obvelata infect?

A

large intestine of rodents

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8
Q

What species and where does Enterobius vermicularis infect?

A

large intestine of humans

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9
Q

What are the general features of Superfamily Spiruroidea?

A
  • wide range of shapes
  • mouth without lips, or with 2 or 4 lips
  • muscular and glandular parts of the oesophagus
  • no buccal capsule, but has vestibule
  • posterior (M): spirally coiled, 2 uneven spicules
  • most species are ovo-viviparous (egg countains L1)
  • indirect lifecycles
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10
Q

What superfamilies are within Order Spirurida?

A

Spiruroidea

filarioidea

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11
Q

What parasites are within the family Habronematidae?

A

Draschia megastoma
Habronema microstoma
Habronema muscae

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12
Q

What species and where does Draschia megastoma infect?

A

host: horses
adults: stomach
larvae: skin, conjunctiva, lungs, etc.

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13
Q

What is the morphology of Draschia megastoma?

A

white worms

  • 2 lips separated from body by a groove
  • buccal vestibule, thickened funnel shaped, no teeth
  • uneven spicules
  • eggs contain larvae that hatch quickly
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14
Q

What is the morphology of Habronema muscae?

A
  • mouth made of 2 parts, wider anterior part and a cylindrical part
  • 2 spicules
  • eggs contain larvae that hatch quickly
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15
Q

describe the lifecycle of Draschia/ Habronema?

A

IH = muscid flies

  • F lay embryonated eggs, passed in poop
  • larvae ingested by IH, develop to L3 inside IH
  • L3 migrate to mouthparts of IH
  • larvae stimulated to leave IH when IH feeds on moist, warm surfaces
  • larvae may be deposited around mouth (gastric habronemosis) of host or around wounds, penis, anus, nostrils,etc. (cutaneous/pulmonary habronemosis - severe path)
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16
Q

Describe Gastric Habronemiasis

A

causes large nodules/ tumours. may block pyloric region or may perforate the stomach, leading to peritonitis
- nodules divided into cavities where the worms live

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17
Q

Describe Cutaneous Habronemiasis

A

inflammation and hypersensitivity caused by the presence of larvae. larvae do no develop on the skin.

18
Q

Describe Pulmonary Habronemiasis

A

multiple abscesses filled with necrotic debris containing parts of nematode larvae in the lungs

19
Q

What species and where does Spirocerca lupi infect?

A

host: dog, fox, etc.
adults: wall of oesophagus
immature stages: stomach and dorsal aorta

20
Q

describe the morphology of Spirocerca lupi

A

size: M 54mm, F 80mm
- normally pink,coiled in. spiral in nodules
- trilobed lips, short pharynx, unequal spicules
- eggs: parallel side, contain larvae

21
Q

describe the lifecycle of Spirocerca lupi

A

IH: dung beetle
- eggs passed in poop, ingested by IH. reach L3 in 2 months
- DH ingests beetles or paratenic hosts
- larvae release in stomach, penetrate wall, reach aorta, migrate to oesophagus
PPT = 5-6 months

22
Q

What species and where does Ascarops strongylina infect? What is the basic morphology?

A
  • stomach of pigs

- pharynx strengthened by triple or quadruple spirals

23
Q

What species and where does Physocephalus sexalatus infect? what is the basic morphology?

A
  • stomach of pigs

- pharynx strengthened by annular rings

24
Q

describe the lifecycle of Ascarops/ Physocephalus

A

IH: coprophagous beetles
- F lay embryonated eggs, ingested by IH, larvae reach L3, pigs ingest beetles.
PPT= 1-2 months

25
Q

Describe the general morphology of Gnathostoma spp.

A
  • thick, reddish anteriorly, yellow/ greyish posteriorly
  • anterior end: cuticular swelling, covered with rows of sharp hooks
  • 2 large trilobed lips
  • body covered in scale-like spines
26
Q

What species and where does Gnathostoma hispidum infect?

A

stomach of pig

27
Q

What species and where does Gnathostoma spinigerum infect?

A

stomach of dogs and cats. can also infect humans, but wont mature

28
Q

Describe the lifecycle of Gnathostoma spp.

A

IH 1 = copepods.
IH 2 = fish, frogs, reptiles
- eggs pooped, larvae hatch in water and ingested by IH 1. larvae develop to L3
- IH 1 ingested by IH 2. L3 encysts in muscle.
- IH2 ingested by DH. parasite migrates to liver and returns to stomach to mature
PPT = 3-7 months

29
Q

What species and where does Thelazia rhodesi infect?

A

conjuctival sac and lacrimal duct of ruminants and buffaloes, etc.

30
Q

describe the morphology of Thelazia rhodesi

A
  • white worms
  • cuticle has prominent transverse striations
  • no lips, wide vestibule
31
Q

describe the lifecycle of Thelazia rhodesi

A
  • IH= flies
  • F lay larvae into lachrymal secretions of host, ingested by flies feeding from eyes
  • L3 develops, migrates to mouth parts and transferred to host when fly feeds
    PPT = 1 month
32
Q

What species and where does Thelazia callipaeda infect?

A

conjunctival sac, under the lid and nictitating membrane of dog, fox, cat, humans, etc.

33
Q

What species and where does Oxyspirura mansomi infect

A

inner corner of orbit, under the nictitating membrane of chickens and ducks.

34
Q

describe the morphology of Oxyspirura mansomi

A
  • cuticle smooth without lips
  • buccal capsule short and wide
  • posterior en: conical, curved in M, unequal spicules
35
Q

describe the lifecycle of Oxyspirura mansomi

A

IH =cockroaches
- eggs laid in eye –> lacrimal ducts –> mouth –> passed in poop
- eggs ingested by cockroaches and matures to L3
- IH ingested by DH. IH stays in crop, larvae migrate to eye via mouth
PPT = 50 days

36
Q

What species and where does Gonglyonema pulchrum infect?

A

mucosa/ submucosa of oesophagus, free in rumen.

- ruminants, pigs, etc. and humans

37
Q

describe the morphology of Gongylonema pulchrum

A

F up to 14cm
M up to 5 cm
anterior end: covered in circular plaques/ tubercles

38
Q

describe the lifecycle of Gongylonema pulchrum

A 
IH = beetles and cockroaches 
- eggs passed in poop 
- eggs ingested by IH, L3 in 4 weeks 
- IH ingested by DH 
PPT = 8 weeks
39
Q

What species and where does Physaloptera praeputialis infect?

A

stomach of cats (rarely dogs as well)

40
Q

describe the morphology of Physaloptera praeputialis

A
  • pink, stout worms

- circular sheath covers posterior end of body of both sexes, appears prepuce like

41
Q

describe the lifecycle of Physaloptera praeputialis

A

IH: cockroaches and beetles
- eggs passed in poop, ingested by IH
- DH ingests IH or PH
PPT = 3-5 months

TV2001 (21 decks)

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