Parasitology - Lecture 6 Flashcards

1
Q

What are the general features of Order Oxyurida?

A
  • normally small (>10mm)
  • oesophagus has posterior bulb
  • F have long, pointed tail (pin worms)
  • M much smaller than F, have single spicule
  • eggs often asymmetrical
  • direct lifecycles
  • infect large intestine of humans, horses, rabbits, rodents
  • generally have reduced pathogenicity
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2
Q

What species and where does Oxyuris equi infect?

A

large intestine of horses

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3
Q

what is the morphology of Oxyuris equi?

A

size: M up to 1.2cm, F up to 15cm
anterior end: hexagonal mouth with 6 lips. 3 teeth in females
posterior end (F): pointed (pinworm)
posterior end (M): truncate tail, 1 spicule, pin shaped
eggs: thick shelled, asymmetrical, mucoid plug at one end, contain morula

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4
Q

describe the lifecycle of Oxyuris equi?

A
  • female worms migrate to anus and emerge head first
  • eggs laid in perianal region embedded in a viscous substance that adheres to surface. yellow/ grey crust when dry.
  • host scratches and spreads eggs in environment
  • molt to L3 in 3-5 days
  • infection by ingestion of embryonated eggs with food
  • L3 hatch in SI, migrate to LI enter crypts of caecum and colon and mature
  • L4 feed on mucosa in lumen. moult toadult
  • adults move to lumen of LI and feed on intestinal content
    PPT = 5 months
  • M dies after copulation. F lives around 6 months
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5
Q

What species and where does Probstmayria vivipara infect? basic morphology?

A

large intestine of horse

size: 0.2-3cm, long filamentous tail

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6
Q

What species and where does Passalurus ambiguus infect?

A

large intestine of rabbits

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7
Q

What species and where does Syphacia obvelata infect?

A

large intestine of rodents

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8
Q

What species and where does Enterobius vermicularis infect?

A

large intestine of humans

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9
Q

What are the general features of Superfamily Spiruroidea?

A
  • wide range of shapes
  • mouth without lips, or with 2 or 4 lips
  • muscular and glandular parts of the oesophagus
  • no buccal capsule, but has vestibule
  • posterior (M): spirally coiled, 2 uneven spicules
  • most species are ovo-viviparous (egg countains L1)
  • indirect lifecycles
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10
Q

What superfamilies are within Order Spirurida?

A

Spiruroidea

filarioidea

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11
Q

What parasites are within the family Habronematidae?

A

Draschia megastoma
Habronema microstoma
Habronema muscae

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12
Q

What species and where does Draschia megastoma infect?

A

host: horses
adults: stomach
larvae: skin, conjunctiva, lungs, etc.

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13
Q

What is the morphology of Draschia megastoma?

A

white worms

  • 2 lips separated from body by a groove
  • buccal vestibule, thickened funnel shaped, no teeth
  • uneven spicules
  • eggs contain larvae that hatch quickly
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14
Q

What is the morphology of Habronema muscae?

A
  • mouth made of 2 parts, wider anterior part and a cylindrical part
  • 2 spicules
  • eggs contain larvae that hatch quickly
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15
Q

describe the lifecycle of Draschia/ Habronema?

A

IH = muscid flies

  • F lay embryonated eggs, passed in poop
  • larvae ingested by IH, develop to L3 inside IH
  • L3 migrate to mouthparts of IH
  • larvae stimulated to leave IH when IH feeds on moist, warm surfaces
  • larvae may be deposited around mouth (gastric habronemosis) of host or around wounds, penis, anus, nostrils,etc. (cutaneous/pulmonary habronemosis - severe path)
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16
Q

Describe Gastric Habronemiasis

A

causes large nodules/ tumours. may block pyloric region or may perforate the stomach, leading to peritonitis
- nodules divided into cavities where the worms live

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17
Q

Describe Cutaneous Habronemiasis

A

inflammation and hypersensitivity caused by the presence of larvae. larvae do no develop on the skin.

18
Q

Describe Pulmonary Habronemiasis

A

multiple abscesses filled with necrotic debris containing parts of nematode larvae in the lungs

19
Q

What species and where does Spirocerca lupi infect?

A

host: dog, fox, etc.
adults: wall of oesophagus
immature stages: stomach and dorsal aorta

20
Q

describe the morphology of Spirocerca lupi

A

size: M 54mm, F 80mm
- normally pink,coiled in. spiral in nodules
- trilobed lips, short pharynx, unequal spicules
- eggs: parallel side, contain larvae

21
Q

describe the lifecycle of Spirocerca lupi

A

IH: dung beetle
- eggs passed in poop, ingested by IH. reach L3 in 2 months
- DH ingests beetles or paratenic hosts
- larvae release in stomach, penetrate wall, reach aorta, migrate to oesophagus
PPT = 5-6 months

22
Q

What species and where does Ascarops strongylina infect? What is the basic morphology?

A
  • stomach of pigs

- pharynx strengthened by triple or quadruple spirals

23
Q

What species and where does Physocephalus sexalatus infect? what is the basic morphology?

A
  • stomach of pigs

- pharynx strengthened by annular rings

24
Q

describe the lifecycle of Ascarops/ Physocephalus

A

IH: coprophagous beetles
- F lay embryonated eggs, ingested by IH, larvae reach L3, pigs ingest beetles.
PPT= 1-2 months

25
Describe the general morphology of Gnathostoma spp.
- thick, reddish anteriorly, yellow/ greyish posteriorly - anterior end: cuticular swelling, covered with rows of sharp hooks - 2 large trilobed lips - body covered in scale-like spines
26
What species and where does Gnathostoma hispidum infect?
stomach of pig
27
What species and where does Gnathostoma spinigerum infect?
stomach of dogs and cats. can also infect humans, but wont mature
28
Describe the lifecycle of Gnathostoma spp.
IH 1 = copepods. IH 2 = fish, frogs, reptiles - eggs pooped, larvae hatch in water and ingested by IH 1. larvae develop to L3 - IH 1 ingested by IH 2. L3 encysts in muscle. - IH2 ingested by DH. parasite migrates to liver and returns to stomach to mature PPT = 3-7 months
29
What species and where does Thelazia rhodesi infect?
conjuctival sac and lacrimal duct of ruminants and buffaloes, etc.
30
describe the morphology of Thelazia rhodesi
- white worms - cuticle has prominent transverse striations - no lips, wide vestibule
31
describe the lifecycle of Thelazia rhodesi
- IH= flies - F lay larvae into lachrymal secretions of host, ingested by flies feeding from eyes - L3 develops, migrates to mouth parts and transferred to host when fly feeds PPT = 1 month
32
What species and where does Thelazia callipaeda infect?
conjunctival sac, under the lid and nictitating membrane of dog, fox, cat, humans, etc.
33
What species and where does Oxyspirura mansomi infect
inner corner of orbit, under the nictitating membrane of chickens and ducks.
34
describe the morphology of Oxyspirura mansomi
- cuticle smooth without lips - buccal capsule short and wide - posterior en: conical, curved in M, unequal spicules
35
describe the lifecycle of Oxyspirura mansomi
IH =cockroaches - eggs laid in eye --> lacrimal ducts --> mouth --> passed in poop - eggs ingested by cockroaches and matures to L3 - IH ingested by DH. IH stays in crop, larvae migrate to eye via mouth PPT = 50 days
36
What species and where does Gonglyonema pulchrum infect?
mucosa/ submucosa of oesophagus, free in rumen. | - ruminants, pigs, etc. and humans
37
describe the morphology of Gongylonema pulchrum
F up to 14cm M up to 5 cm anterior end: covered in circular plaques/ tubercles
38
describe the lifecycle of Gongylonema pulchrum
``` IH = beetles and cockroaches - eggs passed in poop - eggs ingested by IH, L3 in 4 weeks - IH ingested by DH PPT = 8 weeks ```
39
What species and where does Physaloptera praeputialis infect?
stomach of cats (rarely dogs as well)
40
describe the morphology of Physaloptera praeputialis
- pink, stout worms | - circular sheath covers posterior end of body of both sexes, appears prepuce like
41
describe the lifecycle of Physaloptera praeputialis
IH: cockroaches and beetles - eggs passed in poop, ingested by IH - DH ingests IH or PH PPT = 3-5 months