Parasiticide

Question 1

Parasiticide vs. growth regulators?

Answer 1

parasiticide - kill adult, essential for FAD

regulator - prevents progression through life cycle, ALL animals!

Question 2

Mechanism for parasiticide

Answer 2

Nerves

• axon - GABA, Na, Cl
• Synapse - Ca, ACh

Question 3

Pyrethrins

mechanism?

Answer 3

safe, quick, ideal for young animal for quick short effect

- inc. Na permeability along axon -> hyperexcitation and death

Question 4

Pyrethroids

Answer 4

Synthetic pyrethrins that last longer
- permethrin
repels if > 2%; Toxic to cats >0.5%

Question 5

Permethrin Products

Answer 5

Advantix II (55%)
Actvivyl plus
Vectra 3D (33%)
- careful in households with cats, especially after applying

Question 6

Deltamethrin

Answer 6

a pyrethroid collar
can get local irritation
- fleas and ticks

Question 7

Indoxacarb

Answer 7

Activyl

metabolically activated in the flea

Question 8

Fipronil

Answer 8

inhibits GABA

flea adulticide

Question 9

Fipronil products

brand names not on test!

Answer 9

Frontline - kills flea and ticks, safe for cats
Effitix - dogs only
Tritak
others
Bravecto - also ticks and demodex, doesnt repel
Nexgard - f/t/d like bravecto, only 1month

Question 10

Organophosphates

Answer 10

• kills adults, cholinesterase in synapse

- Not recommended for yard or animals anymore

Question 11

repellent

Answer 11

Promethrin (not safe for cats)
catnip - fleas and mosquitos
amitraz collar

Question 12

Carbamates

Answer 12

no longer recommended

Question 13

Spinosad/Comfortis

Answer 13

oral monthly adulticide targeting synapse
can’t give to dog getting high dose ivermectin for demodex
can cause vomiting, not palatable

Question 14

Spinoteram (topical comfortis for cats)

Answer 14

fast killing, doesnt repel

Question 15

Imidacloprid/Advantage

Answer 15

very safe
not as good at killing fleas anymore
removed by water

Question 16

Nitenpyram (capstar)

Answer 16

inhibits Ach receptors
safe for dogs and cats, young animals
adultacide, q24 good during clinics

Question 17

Dinotefuran

Answer 17

kills fleas NOT ticks

binds to different site than Imidocloprid can be used together (insect site)

Question 18

Insect growth regulators

Answer 18

1. methoprene
2. pyriproxifen
3. lufenuron

Question 19

Methoprene

Answer 19

safe for mammals

• doesn’t work outside (UV inactivated)
• prevents molting

Question 20

Pyriproxifen

Answer 20

works longer (6m) than methoprene and works in yard. 
- affects eggs and larva, available OTC for environment

Question 21

Luferuron

Answer 21

chitin synthesis inhibitor

- BC for fleas, takes several months (3 month lag) dont use alone

Question 22

macrocyclic lactones

Answer 22

GABA interrupts axon
Milbemycin - heart, hook, round, whip
ivermectin - heart, hook, round

Question 23

dose for ivermectin preventative
dose for scabies
dose for demodex
collies?

Answer 23

heart worm - 6mcg/kg
scabies - 150-300 mcg/kg
demodex - 400-600 mcg/kg
- 100mcg/kg will kill collie with the sensitivity mutation, can use as preventative but not to tx scabies/demodex

Question 24

Selamectin

Answer 24

A macrocyclic lactone
Revolution
- labeled for scabies
- HW prevention
- slow at killing fleas, doesn't work topically to repel, bc its systemically absorbed

Question 25

Moxidectin

Answer 25

• Advantage Multi combined with imidacloprid
• HW monthly
• and can be used for demodex if given 2+x a month

Question 26

Amitraz/Formanidines

Answer 26

• not used anymore
• demodex
• toxic in cats/horses/ people
• collar for dogs kills fleas and ticks

Question 27

things that repel fleas are probably

Answer 27

toxic to cats

Question 28

certifect

Answer 28

amitraz + fipronil

• repellent and adultacide (fleas and ticks)
• topical dogs only

Question 29

nonchemical flea control

Answer 29

Outside
- diatomaceous earth (physically damages exoskeleton)
- beneficial nematodes
Inside
- Sodium polyborate, best if professionally applied