Bacterial Skin Diseases - Santoro

Question 1

Skin of cats, dogs, horses is very

Answer 1

similar

staph, micrococcus

Question 2

S. psuedintermedius, S aureas, Pasturella (esp with lesion)

Answer 2

in cats

Question 3

s aureas, s psuedointermedius, dermatophilus (most common pathogen)

Answer 3

in horses

Question 4

staph hyicus is the one that creates problems in

Answer 4

pigs!!

Question 5

physical barriers/ defense mechanisms

Answer 5

hairs
stratum corneum
lipid envelop

Question 6

chemical defenses

Answer 6

sebum

fatty acids

Question 7

immune defenses

Answer 7

lymphocytes
langerhans cells
keratinocytes
cytokines
AMPs (prod by epidermis, kill fungi/viruses)

Question 8

Microbial defenses

Answer 8

competition with normal skin flora

ex/ s. epidermidis

Question 9

pyoderma is synonymous with

Answer 9

bacterial infection

Question 10

Classifying pyoderma

Answer 10

primary v. secondary
(95% are secondary)
site (general, localized)
DEPTH (surface, superficial, deep)

Question 11

types of surface pyoderma

Answer 11

pyotraumatic dermatitis (hot spot)
skin fold pyoderma (intertrigo)

Question 12

pyotraumatic dermatitis

Answer 12

common, associated with fleas(or other problem), self induced
thick hair
warm weather
rapid onset (overnight)

Question 13

underlying problems for hot spots

Answer 13

fleas, ectoparasites
allergic skin disease
anal sac diseases
otitis externa
contact 
ocular diseases 
(anything generating excessive heat)

Question 14

therapy for pyotraumatic dermatitis

Answer 14

clip
clean (Chlorhex)
topical astringent/antiseptic (maybe)
some need steroids to help with itch
correct underlying problem

Question 15

skin fold pyoderma

Answer 15

warm, moist folds with sebum (great for bacteria/yeasts)

brachycephalic and obese animals most affected

Question 16

therapy skin fold pyoderma

Answer 16

clean

amputate tail or open folds surgically (rare)

Question 17

superficial pyoderma

Answer 17

1. Impetigo Puppy pyoderma
2. Bacterial folliculitis**
   - corneal/follicular pustules

Question 18

Impetigo

Answer 18

subcorneal pustules in glabrous areas, usually on the abdomen, usually INTERFOLLICULAR

Question 19

Impetigo therapy

Answer 19

clean (chlorhex)

+/- systemic abx

Question 20

Folliculitis Etiologies

Answer 20

1. bacteria ***
2. demodex (parasite) *
3. Dermatophyte (fungal)

Question 21

progression of folliculitis

Answer 21

1. inside follicle

2. rupture of hair follicle, spreads into dermis (furunculosis, deep pyoderma now)

Question 22

primary lesions of folliculitis

Answer 22

papules, pustules, erythematous macules

not commonly seen in time

Question 23

secondary lesions of folliculitis

Answer 23

*more commonly seen*
circular crusts
epidermal collarettes
scaling
alopecia
hyperpigmented macules

Question 24

where does folliculitis usually distribute

Answer 24

truncal (ventral abdomen)

Question 25

diagnosis

Answer 25

• always r/o Demodex/dermatophyte
• inflammatory cells (neutrophils) and bacteria on cytology
• response to abx
• if cytology isn’t enough and dog isn’t responding to treatment culture/biopsy

Question 26

Equine follicullitis is the most common

which bacteria?

Answer 26

equine pyoderma
dermatophilus
also staph

Question 27

dermatophilosis diseases?

Answer 27

rain scald
strawberry foot rot
rain rot
lumpy wool

Question 28

dermatophilosis

Answer 28

rainy season!
common disease
horses, cattle, sheep, goats, zoonotic!
actinomycete

Question 29

3 factors to get a dermatophilosis

Answer 29

1. carriers (zoospores)
2. moisture (rain or sweat)
3. break in skin (insect* or trauma, contampinated clippers)

Question 30

clinical features of dermatophilosis

Answer 30

dorsal surface
thick paintbrush crust (painful to remove)
hair easily removed exposing pink skin
green exudate

Question 31

diagnosis

Answer 31

clin signs

cytology (railroad tracts)

Question 32

treatment dermatophilus

Answer 32

• remove from rain
• topical (benzoyl peroxide/ chlorhex)
• systemic abx

Question 33

Staphalococcal Folliculitis/Furunculosis

Answer 33

• s. aureas
• complication in most pruritic disease
• trunk, tail, pastern

Question 34

Saddle rash?

Answer 34

truncal folliculitis

staph

Question 35

tail pyoderma

Answer 35

staph folliculitis

Question 36

exudative epidermitis

Answer 36

(greasy pig disease)
pigs! (usually piglets)
s hyicus
toxins by staph -> exfoliation and liver/kidney disease

Question 37

deep pyoderma

Answer 37

furuncolosis

abscess/cellulitis/panniculitis

Question 38

how do you know its deep?

Answer 38

blood

Question 39

clinical signs of deep pyoderma?

Answer 39

ulcers
fistulous tracts
pustules or bulla
cellulitis

Question 40

acral lick dermatitis

Answer 40

deep pyoderma
due to underlying problem (allergy, behavioral, neural)
self induced lesion

Question 41

german shephard pyoderma

Answer 41

immune system not as great…

Question 42

pododermatitis

Answer 42

starts superficial and becomes deep

r/o demodex

Question 43

deep pyoderma therapy

Answer 43

• abx - focus on s. aureas
• topical antiseptic**
• look for underlying cause
  avoid steroids!!

Question 44

abcess tx

Answer 44

drain
flush
systemic abx

Question 45

common abx for cats

Answer 45

penicillin (pastuerella bite wound)

amoxicillin

Question 46

atypical mycobacteria

Answer 46

chronic nonhealing wounds (poor response to abx)
more common in humid/warm
cats are quite susceptible
Animal is NOT sick despite draining lesions

Question 47

Juvenile pyoderma (puppy pyoderma/strangles)

Answer 47

• edema muzzle, ears, retropharyngeal lymph nodes affected. Fever, depression, pustules
• idiopathic! abnormal immune response
• ## r/o demodex/infection

Question 48

juvenile pyoderma therapy

Answer 48

high dose glucocorticoid
(taper over a few weeks)
cyclosporin
abx for secondary infections