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Cellular basis of immunity > parasites- extra > Flashcards

parasites- extra Flashcards

1
Q

two types of parasite

A

helminths and protozoa

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2
Q

helminths consist of

A

nematodes, trematodes, cestodes

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3
Q

nematodes

A

roundworms

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4
Q

trematodes

A

flukes

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5
Q

cestodes

A

tapeworms

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6
Q

what type of infection

A

intestinal or systemic

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7
Q

most common intestinal nematode (flatworm)

A

Ascaris lumbricoides and hookworms

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8
Q

most common tissue-dwelling nematode (flatworm)

A

wucheria bancrofti

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9
Q

most common cestodes (flukes)

A

echinococcus granulosis

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10
Q

most common tremadoes (round worm)

A

schistose mansoni

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11
Q

example of a parasite disease

A

schistosomiasis

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12
Q

vector of schistosomiasis

A

water snail

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13
Q

how many species of schistosomes

A

6

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14
Q

how many people affected by schistosomiasis

A

> 200 million

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15
Q

where does schistosome infection occur

A

fresh water contaminated with motile, fork tailed cercariae

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16
Q

life cycle of schistosomes

A
  • eggs hatch to yield motile MIRACIDIA
  • MIRICIDIA infect snails
  • MIRICIDIA mature and multiple to release infectious CERCARIAE
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17
Q

Free swimming Cercariae strucuturee

A

fork tailed, with long body and head (sperm with fork tail)

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18
Q

when the cercariae wants to penetrate hosts skin

A

cercariae shed their tail and use proteases and mucalr action of oral suckers to penetrate

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19
Q

after penetrator cercariae become

A

immature shistosomula

20
Q

schistosomula migrate via

A

the circulation to reach the liver microcirculation where they mature

21
Q

schistosoumula mature to

A

schistosomes

22
Q

do worms multiply in host

A

no
- adult
females reside intimately within a canal in
the ventral body of the male

23
Q

pairs migrate

A

against the portal venous blood flow (GI to the liver) to release eggs into the veins draining the bladder and intestines

24
Q

what do eggs elicit

A

a granulomatous inflammatory
response that is believed to assist their
transit into the intestines or bladder, and
excretion from the body in the stool or
urine respectively

25
Q

immune response to schistosomula (pair of worms): early

A

TH1 cells

26
Q

immune response to schistosome eggs

A

TH2 respnose

27
Q

what is the overall immune response dos schistosomes

A

Type 2 granulomatous

28
Q

which antibodies are elevated

A

IgE

29
Q

which innate cells are specifically activated

A

eosinophilia

30
Q

cardinal feature of shistosomiasis

A

tissue granulomas surrounding eggs

31
Q

TH1 release which cytokines

A

IFN-Y
TNF-a
TnF-B
IL-3

32
Q

TH2 release which cytokines

A 
IL-3
IL-4
IL-5
IL-10
TGF-B
33
Q

Th1- IFN-Y and TNF-a

A

activate macrophages

34
Q

Th1- TNF-B

A

inflammatory response

35
Q

TH!/TH2- IL-3

A

hematopoiesis

36
Q

Hematopoiesis

A

Hematopoiesis is the process of creating new blood cells in the body.

37
Q

which TH2 cytokines activate B cell response

A

IL-4 and IL-5

38
Q

TH2: IL-10

A

inhibits macrophages

39
Q

TH2: TGF-B

A

inhibit monocyte activation

40
Q

summary of a Type 2 granulomatous response

A

circumferential infiltrate of TH2 cells

41
Q

what are found within Type 2 granuloma

A

eosinophils, macrophages,fibroblasts within a dense collagen rich matrix

42
Q

granulomatous response can be deadly when granulomatous response occurs are eggs

A

in the hepatic sinusoids

43
Q

role of the granuloma

A

sequesters toxic

egg antigens and kills the eggs

44
Q

when the granuloma slowly dissipates…

A

collagenous scars coalesce, causing cirrhosis

45
Q

cirrhosis causes

A

obstruct of blood flow and the creation of varices

46
Q

death occurs due to

A

bleed varices

Cellular basis of immunity (59 decks)

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