Immunotherapy summary Flashcards
many cancer ells in the body
blend in as normal cells and are not destroyed by the immune system
human antibodies can be used to
block/mediate the section b/w immune system and cancer cell
which cytokine is particularly protective against cancer
IL-2
tumour micro environment is rich in
Tumour Infiltrating T-Lymphocytes (TILs)
those who have many TILs
are more likely to survive
3 ways therapeutic monoclonal antibodies can be used
- carry cytotoxic agents to tumour
- induce ADCC or Complement-mediated Lysis
- block activity of tumour specific protein
Rituximab used to treat
Hodgkins non-lymphoma
Herceptin used to treat
breast cancer
rituximab is what sort of antibody
chimeric
herceptin is what sort of antibody
humanised
how does rituximab treat HNL
induces complement mediated lysis and ADCC
- naked mAb
rituximab is targeted against
CD20 on B cells
HNL causes
malignant growth of B cells - tumour in lymph nodes
Herceptin works by
blocking activity of tumour specific protein
Types of immunotherapy
- immune system modulators
- immune checkpoint modulators
- immune cell therapy
- active vaccintation
3 types of immune checkpoint protein inhibition
1) co-stimulatin in CD28- chances T cell activation by APC
2) CTLA-4 ligation on activated T cell down regulated T cell response
3) block CTLA-4 ligation enhances T cell response
CTLA-4 bids to
B7
CTLA-4 binding to B7
no T cell activation
anti-CTLA-4 mAb
blocks CTLA-4 activity with B7- T cella citvation
TGN1412 was used to treat
Rheumatoid arthritis, but even at 500th conc of what was tested in animals- still caused sepsis
mechanism of TGN1412
antibody binds to CD28 co-stimualtor pair
- potent agonist
- stimulates inflammatory production
- Cytokinemia
adoptive immune therapy involves
Using normal TILs
TIL
tumour infiltrating T-lymphocytes
if you cant produce sufficient TILs
then the cancer will not be fought by immune system
TILs for by
shrinking and destroying tumours
How does adoptive immune therapy using TILs work
1) TILs collected from tumour sample
2) TILs that show greatest recognition of tumour are selected
3) stimulated to be activated and proliferate by cytokines
4) injected back into patients blood stream
CAR T cell stands for
Chimeric Antigen Receptor T cell
when are CAR T cel therapy used
when own t-cells cant recognise irregular cancer cells
Process of CAR T cell therapy
1) thousands of T cells collected from blood of patient
2) T cells are re-programmed (via introduction of DNA for a new receptor by a virus
3) new receptor is called a Chimeric Antigen receptor- new cells grown in lab and infused back into patients
Chimeric Antigen Receptor (CAR)
modified forms of TCRs
- have a high affinity for specific proteins on the surface of cancer cells
-
Once CAR T cell is bound to cancer cell
modified T cell become activated and attacks virus
antibody used to treat Alzheimers
solanezumab
antibody used to treat Rheumatoid arthritis
Toxilizumab
Toxilizumab
humanised and blocks IL-6R receptor
Immune checkpoint protein
CTLA-4
Which antibody used as antagonist against CTLA-4
Ipilimumab
