Parasites Flashcards
What are the general features of protozoan parasites?
What are the infective forms & routes of transmission vary?
What are the classification of protozoan parasites?
Describe the intestinal protozoa, generalized life cycle
What are the intestinal protozoal parasites?
Entamoeba histolytica, balantidium coli, Giardia lamblia, Cryptospordium parvum, and Cyclospora cyatenensis
What’s the importance of the intestinal protozoan-Entamoeba ?
Entamoeba histolytica: uses pseudopodia for locomotion, may invade the colon and cause bloody diarrhoea – amoebic dysentery. Also causes amoebic liver abscess, reproduces asexually
What’s the importance of the intestinal protozoan-Balantidium coli?
Balantidium coli: ciliate protozoan, lives in the colon of pigs, humans and rodents and can lead to colonic ulceration, reproduces asexually
What’s the importance of the intestinal protozoan- Giardia lamblia?
Giardia lamblia: flagellate protozoan with world-wide distribution, lives in the small intestine and results in malabsorption, reproduces asexually
What’s the importance of the intestinal protozoan- Cryptosporidium parvum?
Cryptosporidium parvum: non-motile, more prevalent in the immunocompromised patients, reproduces asexually and sexually
What’s the importance of the intestinal protozoan- Cyclospora cyatenensis?
Cyclospora cyatenensis : non-motile, parasitizes the small intestinal mucosa and may cause diarrhoea for several weeks, reproduces asexually and sexually
Describe urogenital protozoan parasite
Urogenital Protozoal Parasite
• Trichomonas vaginalis: flagellate, urogenital parasite, sexually transmitted, reproduces asexually
What are the protozoan trophozoites and cysts?
What are the extra-intestinal/blood and tissue protozoa?
Plasmodium spp, Leishmania spp, Tryanosoma
What’s the significance of the plasmodium spp.?
Plasmodium spp: non-motile, transmitted by Anopheles mosquito, causative agent of malaria,. There are 4 species that infect humans: P. falciparum, P. vivax, P. ovale and P. malariae
What’s the significance of Leishmania spp.?
What’s the significance of Trypanosoma?
What are the pathogenic free-living amoebae?
N. Fowleri
Acanthamoeba spp.
What is N. Fowleri?
Naegleria fowleri-found in freshwater such as lakes and streams. Invasion from nasal mucosa into the brain causes rapidly progressing primary acute meningoencephalitis
What are the Acanthamoeba spp.?
Acanthamoeba spp.-ubiquitous amoebae of soil and water. It often contaminates fluid used to treat contact lenses, but infection may also come from dust or swimming. Infection of the eye causes a keratitis resulting in eye pain, redness, tearing and potential loss of vision
Describe Blood and Tissue protozoa
What are the general features of Metazoan parasites?
How do Metazoans reproduce?
What are the Metazoan infective forms and routes of transmission?
What are the clinical symptoms of helminthu. Infections?
What’s the significance of Polyparasitism?
(Multiparsitism or co-infection)
What are the symptoms associated with nematode infections e.g., Ascariasis ?
What are the general features?
What are the examples of nematodes (roundworms)?
What’s the life cycle of general nematodes?
Contrast the generalized life cycle of the intestinal and tissue nematodes
what are the intestinal nematodes?
Ascaris (roundworm)
Enterobius (pinworm)
Describe Ascaris (roundworm)
Describe Enterobius (pinworm)
What is Trichuris (whipworm)?
What is Ancylostoma and Necator. (hookworm)?
What are strongyloides (threadworms)?
What is a trichinella?
What is Toxocara?
Intestinal nematodes
What is lymphatic filariae?
What is cutaneous filariae?
What are the general features of Trematodes (flukes)?
Give the generalized life cycle of trematodes
What is the Fasciolopsis buski (intestinal fluke)?
What is the Paragonimus westermani (lung fluke)?
What is the Fasciola hepatica (liver fluke)?
What is Clonorchis sinensis?
What are the general features of Cestodes(tapeworms)?
What is the Taenia spp. generalized life cycle?
What are intestinal tapeworms?
What are systematic tapeworm?
