Parasite of the GI Tract

Question 1

Cryptosporidiosis Parvum General

Answer 1

• Host: Pools, Cattle, Childcare; ingest Oocysts

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Question 2

Cryptosporidiosis Parvum Hist/Path

Answer 2

• Histo: Acid-fast stain; DFA or enzyme Assay
• Confused with Cyclospora cayet.
• Path: Destoys microvilli + induces CD4_ proliferation via inflammatory cytokine

Question 3

Cryptosporidiosis Parvum S/S; Tx

Answer 3

• S/S: Watery Diarrhea, Pain, N/V, fever dehydration, WL

- Tx: Self-limited; Nitrozoxsanide for compromised or infants

Question 4

Giardia General

Answer 4

• Host: humans, beavers, cattle, coyotes, cats, dogs
• Ingestion of Cysts
• children in day care centers, swimming pool, municipal water

Question 5

Giardia Path

Answer 5

Attaches via a sucking disk to the mucosa of the small intestine
•Damages intestinal microvilli
•Interferes with nutrient absorption (fat, lactose, vitamin A and vitamin B12)
•Blocks lactase activity

Question 6

Giardia S/S + Hist + Tx

Answer 6

Watery foul-smelling diarrhea; flatulence; greasy steatorrhea; cramps; N/V; dehydration

• Hist: Enzyme immunoassay or DFA
• Tx: MEtronidazole; tinidazole; nitazoxanide

Question 7

Entamoeba histolytica General

Answer 7

• Host: Humans; Ingestion of cysts

Question 8

Entamoeba histolytica Path

Answer 8

• Glycosidase breakdown of mucin layer
• Cysteine protease -> breakdown of collagen, IgA Complement, etc
• Activation of inflammatory cytokines + N/0 activation

Question 9

Entamoeba histolytica S/S

Answer 9

• Ulcerative Flask-shaped lesions
• Diarrhea w/ Mucin + Blood, flatulence, pain, fever, loss of appetite, + WL
• Liver Abscess formation; fever, chills, anemia; Pleural abscess; Brain abscess; genital lesions
• Gradual onset

Question 10

Entamoeba histolytica Hist

Answer 10

• stool examination
• Colonic aspirate/bipsy
• Indirect hemaglutination test
• Enzyme immune assay

Question 11

Entamoeba histolytica Tx

Answer 11

• Diloxanide furoate or Paromomycin (asymptomatic)

- Metronidazole followed by DF/Paromomycin (Intestinal infx)

Question 12

Cysticerosis

Answer 12

• Tapeworm infection by ingestion of meat

- Tx: Praziquantel or Niclosamide

Question 13

Enterobiasis

Answer 13

• Enterobius vermicularis Pinworm
• S/S: Egg laying at anus causing pruritis + cutaneous bacterial infx;abdominal pain, appendicitis; UTI
• Diag: Scotch tape test
• Tx: Mebendazole; Pyrantel Pamoate; Albendazole

Question 14

Ascariasis

Answer 14

• Ascaris lumbricoides Roundworm
• Children 2-10 YO
• Host: Human; ingstion oif embryonated host
• S/S: N/V, cramps, constipation, protein, malnutrition, VitA Deficiency; Pulmonary S/S; Late bile duct obstruction, hepatic abscesses, appendicitis
• Tx: Albendazole, Mebendazole, + Ivermectin

Question 15

Ancylostomiasis//Necatoriasis

Answer 15

• Human Hookworms
• Penetrate skin via Filiform Larvae
• S/S: Skin lesion (ground itch), papules, edema, Fe-defiecient Anemia —-> Phase 2 respiratory S/S –> Intestinal acute S/S
• Tx: Albendazole, Mebendazole, Pyrantel Pamoate

Question 16

Trichuriasis

Answer 16

• Trichuris trichiura Whipworm
• ingestion of Barrel-shaped embryonated eggs
• Children 5-15 YO
• Southern US
• S/S: GI s/s; TDS -> Severe bloody diarrhea, profuse mucous, weight, muscle loss, rectal pain, rectal prolapse
• Tx: Albendazole; Mebendazole

Question 17

Schistosomiasis

Answer 17

• Schistosoma Liver flukes; Snails
• Penetration of Cercariae through skin
• S/s: Dermatitis; GI s/s; Katayama Fever w/ eosinophilia, fever, malaise, headache, liver enlargement, urticaria, myalgia, abdominal pain, patchy infiltrates on chest x-ray
• Tx: Praziquantel