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2024 VIROLOGY > Paramyxoviridae > Flashcards

Paramyxoviridae Flashcards

1
Q

What is the order that includes viruses from the families Paramyxoviridae, Filoviridae, Bornaviridae, and Rhabdoviridae?

A

Mononegavirales

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2
Q

What type of genome do viruses in the order Mononegavirales have?

A

Single-stranded genome of negative-sense RNA

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3
Q

What common characteristics are shared by viruses in the order Mononegavirales?

A

Single-stranded genome of negative-sense RNA, similar replication strategy and gene order, virion morphology with an envelope

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4
Q

True or False: Viruses in the order Mononegavirales have a double-stranded genome.

A

False

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5
Q

Fill in the blank: Viruses in the order Mononegavirales have a _______ morphology that includes an envelope.

A

virion

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6
Q

Viruses in this family cause a number of serious respiratory and/or systemic
diseases of humans, animals, and birds.

A

Paramyxoviridae

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7
Q

*virions are enveloped
* pleomorphic (filamentous or spherical; approximately 150
nm or more in diameter), and contain a genome of linear, negative-sense, singlestranded RNA.

A

Paramyxoviridae

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8
Q

: network of rbc’s and viruses formed due to HA protein

A

Hemagglutination

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9
Q

Hemagglutination: network of rbc’s and viruses formed due to

A

HA protein

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10
Q

: occurs when virus detaches from rbc’s due to neuraminadase (NA)
protein enzymes by breaking the contact of rbc and HA protein

A

Elution

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11
Q

Paramyxoviridae are______ ; for example, antibodies against one virus strain
can neutralize all strains of the same species.

A

monotypic

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12
Q

is a highly contagious disease of chickens that is characterized by respiratory distress, diarrhea, andneurological signs (tremors, wing or leg paresis, torticollis, circling, spasms),
drop in egg production.

A

Newcastle disease (ND)

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13
Q

Newcastle Disease cause by?

A

Caused by Avian paramyxovirus type 1 (APMV-1) or Newcastle disease virus

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14
Q

Newcastle disease
First identified in

A

Java, Indonesia (1926), and later in New Castle England
(1927)

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15
Q

Other name of Newcastle disease

A

Ranikhet Disease
, Pseudofowl Pest
Avian Pneumoencephalitis

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16
Q

Newcastle disease’s
of the disease is dependent upon the

A

(1) age and immune status of
the birds, and on
(2) the virulence of the strain of ND virus. The
hemagglutinin and Neuraminidase (HN), and Fusion (F) proteins are
responsible for virus attachment to host cell and infection.

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17
Q

3 patho type of Newcastle disease

A

Lentogenic
Mesogenic
Velogenic

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18
Q

Forms of Newcastle Disease:
m)

A

a) Viscerotropic velogenic (Doyle’s form)
b) Neurotropic velogenic (Beach’s form)
c) Mesogenic form (Beaudette’s form)l
d) Lentogenic form (Hitchner’s for

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19
Q

high mortality, haemorrhagic
lesions in git, also called Asiatic or exotic ND

A

Viscerotropic velogenic (Doyle’s form)

20
Q

high mortality, respiratory &
neurological disease

A

Neurotropic velogenic (Beach’s form)

21
Q

low mortality, respiratory &
neurological disease

A

Mesogenic form (Beaudette’s form)

22
Q

mild respiratory disease

A

Lentogenic form (Hitchner’s form)

23
Q

 (NDV) infects chickens, guinea fowls, turkeys, and a large number of species
of domestic and wild birds;occurs

A

worldwide

24
Q

is the most common route for transmission of
Newcastle Disease Virus.

A

Aerosol respiratory infection

25
Q

NEWCASTLE DISEASE
Clinical lesions: only velogenic strains produce gross lesions, but are not
pathognomonic, such as swelling of head, petechiae on the mucosa of
proventriculus, ulceration of peyers patches, edema of interstitial tissue of
neck

A
26
Q

Newcastle Disease
Laboratory Diagnosis.
This now is best accomplished using ____________________to distinguish whether
the virus is a velogenic field strain or a live vaccine strain, and to differentiate
it from avian influenza

A

PCR, and sequence and/or nucleic acid hybridization analysis

27
Q

Newcastle Disease
Samples to be collected:
 Dead (post-mortem)
a)
b)

 live (antemortem)
a)
b)
c)

A

Dead
a) Spleen, lung, kidney
b) Intestine, Heart, brain, liver

Live ( ante mortem)
a) Oro-nasal swab
b) Cloacal swab
c) Serum (antibody titer)

28
Q

Newcastle Disease
Laboratory tests:

A

HA/HI test, RT-PCR, DNA sequencing, histological
stainings, nucleic acid hybridizatio

29
Q

Newcastle Disease
Cultivation of virus can be done by inoculating to:
 embryonated chicken eggs (allantoic inoculation), death of
embryo is observed within 24 hours with haemorrhages
throughout the body, presence of virus is confirmed by HA and
HI test, and RT-PCR
 cell cultures with respiratory exudate or tissue suspensions
(spleen, lung, or brain) on chicken embryo fibroblast cells etc
 Control and Prevention:
 Sanitary management (strict biosecurity measures, all-in-all-out,
depopulation follwed by 21 days before restocking)
 Medical prophylaxis: by vaccination (administered in drinking
water or applied as aerosols)

A
30
Q

is unique to Australia,where it was first recognized in
1994 as the cause of an outbreak of severe disease with respiratory and
neurological symptoms that killed a number of horses and their trainer

A

Hendra virus disease

31
Q

Although ______ are the reservoir of Hendra virus, the virus is contagious
between horses and to humans by direct contact with ___or_____that contain the virus.

A

fruit bats
nasal secretions or fomites

32
Q

are closely related to Hendra virus.
 The virus reservoirs are bats of that are subclinically infected and excrete
virus through urine.

A

Nipah virus

33
Q

Nipah viruses are closely related to Hendra virus.
 The virus reservoirs are bats of that are subclinically infected and excrete
virus through urine.
 When pigs become infected (presumably through infected feed) the illness
presents with _____ and _____.
 Close contact with infected pigs and food-borne (contaminated palm sap)
transmission have been shown to lead to human illnesses with the same
clinical symptoms observed in infected pigs.
 In Philippines, human outbreak of nipah or a nipah-like virus involving horses
occurred in 2014. Source of zoonotic transmission was through eating of
undercooked carcass of sick horses
 The case fatality rate in humans is high due to encephalitis. In humans,
________treatment has been demonstrated to reduce fatalities.

A

pneumonia and encephalitis
ribavirin

34
Q

Canine Distemper Virus Disease. CD is an important viral disease of
dogs from genus ______, also called

A

Morbillivirus
Hard pad disease or Carre’s disease

35
Q

Canine Distemper Virus Disease natural host:

A

wild and domestic canidae (dog, coyote, wolf, fox, jackal)

36
Q

Canine Distemper is characterized by any combination of

A

diphasic fever, ocular and nasal
discharges, anorexia, depression, vomiting, diarrhea, dehydration,
leukopenia, pneumonia, and neurologic signs

37
Q

Canine Distemper The mortality rate depends largely on the immune status of the infected dog
and is highest among puppies (80% mortality rate).

A
38
Q

chronic encephalitis caused by CD in mature
dogs with clinical signs milder than in young animals (ataxia, rare
convulsions and circling)

A

Old dog encephalitis (ODE)

39
Q

CANINE DISTEMPER
Animals that survive the acute disease may develop other signs, including
______and__________^
that is characterized by any combination of convulsions, tremor, myoclonus,
locomotor disturbances, paralysis, and blindness.

A

hyperkeratosis of the footpads (hard pad disease) and neurologic disease

40
Q

Canine Distemper transmission:

A

respiratory/body secretions through inhalation (airborne)

41
Q

Canine Distemper
2 stages of disease:

A

Stage 1: mucosal stage (gastrointestinal signs, pneumonia, rhinitis)
Stage 2: neurologic phase (tremor of head, circling, paralysis,
seizures, nystagmus, muscle twitching, convulsion, chewing motions,
death)

42
Q

CANINE DISTEMPER
 Diagnosis:
 Samples to be collected
 Dead (post-mortem):
 Live (Ante-mortem):
 Cultivation of virus:
 Lab Tests:
 Prevention and Control:
 Treatment:

A

 Diagnosis: vaccination history, clinical signs (must be differentiated withRabies)
 Samples to be collected
 Dead (post-mortem): spleen, lymph node, kidney, lung, brain
 Live (Ante-mortem): nasal, ocular swabs, blood, corneal smear,bCSF
 Cultivation of virus: animal inoculation or cell culture
 Lab Tests: direct flourescence antibody test (FAT), RT-PCR, DNA
sequencing, ELISA. FAT is recommended by OIE and WHO
 Prevention and Control: Vaccination (multi-ag vaccine;DHPPi+L)
 Treatment: supportive therapy, symptomatic treatment

43
Q

Rinderpest Rinderpest (RP) virus has been declared eradicated on ________. After human poxvirus (declared eradicated in 1979), Rinderpest virus is
the second virus to have ever been eradicated worldwide and the first virus of
veterinary importance

A

May 25, 2011

44
Q

RINDERPEST
Vaccine strains:
 New Rinderpest Vigilance Campaign by OIE (in veterinary curriculum)
Serosurveillance of livestock

A

Nakamura strain, Edwards strain, Kabate ‘O’
strain and Plowrite (RBOK) strain

45
Q

Other names of Rinderpest P virus:
 Geographical distribution:
 Natural host:
 RP is highly contagious acute viral disease - Fever, Oral Erosions, and
diarrhea, lymphoid necrosis & high mortality (upto 100%)
 Transmission: infected animal are principal source of virus thru ____,___,____
 Route of entry:
 Incubation period:

A

Other names of Rinderpest P virus: CAttle plague, Contagious Bovine Typhus, Steppe
Murein
 Geographical distribution: Africa, Indian subcontinent, Middle East
 Natural host:domesticated and wild even-toed ungulates
 RP is highly contagious acute viral disease - Fever, Oral Erosions, and
diarrhea, lymphoid necrosis & high mortality (upto 100%)
 Transmission: infected animal are principal source of virus thru secretions,
discharges and excretions
 Route of entry: inhalation
 Incubation period: 3-15 days

46
Q

Read the Transmission below of rendirpest

A

2024 VIROLOGY (23 decks)

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