Lesson 15 Caliciviridae

Question 1

Caliciviruses derive their name from the
Latin word calix meaning cup, which refers
to the cup-shaped depressions visible on
the surface of the _______________________
 Small, non-enveloped, single-stranded
RNA viruses with icosahedral symmetry
 Replicate in the _____
 Stable in the environment
 Caliciviruses have been associated with
a wide range of conditions including__________________________________________________
 Transmission occurs ________________…
 Mechanical transmission of rabbit haemorrhagic disease virus by ____and_________has been described

Answer 1

*virions in negative- contrast electron micrographs.
*cytoplasm
*respiratory disease, vesicular lesions, necrotizing hepatitis and gastroenteritis.
*directly or indirectly without vector involvement.
*mosquitoes
and fleas

Question 2

confined to USA. Acute, contagious, vesicular disease, clinically similar to foot-and-mouth disease. Believed to have resulted from feeding of
SMSV-infected sea lion and seal carcasses
in swill

Answer 2

Vesicular
exanthema of
swine (VES) virus

Pig

Question 3

Causes VES when inoculated into pigs. Cause of cutaneous vesicles and premature
parturition in pinnipeds

Answer 3

San Miguel sea
lion virus (SMSV)

Marine
mammals, opal
eye fish

Question 4

Upper respiratory tract disease in cats, occurs worldwide. Outbreaks with severe systemic form
occasionally described

Answer 4

Feline calicivirus

Domestic and
large cats

Question 5

Acute, fatal disease of European rabbits. Physiological resistance in rabbits less than
two months of age

Answer 5

Rabbit
haemorrhagic
disease virus

European wild
and domestic
rabbits

Question 6

Related but distinct from RHDV. Similar disease to RHD, hepatic necrosis
and diffuse generalized haemorrhaging. High mortality rate

Answer 6

European brown
hare syndrome
virus

European
brown hare

Question 7

Associated with diarrhoea on occasion

Answer 7

Canine calicivirus

Dogs

Question 8

Vesicular exanthema of swine (VES)
 an acute, highly contagious vesicular disease of pigs.  The disease was confined to the USA.  A vigorous eradication campaign, including the implementation of garbage
cooking laws, was successful. The last case was recorded in 1956 and the USA
was declared free of the disease in 1959.
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 However, a reservoir of the virus exists in marine mammals (San Miguel sea lion
virus [SMSV], was isolated from Californian sea lions showing signs of disease
including vesicles on the flippers and premature parturition).  Outbreak of VES can arise through feeding meat from infected marine mammals
to pigs in uncooked swill. The virus then spread between pigs by direct and
indirect contact.  The incubation period for VES is about 24–72 hours and the course of the
disease approximately one to two weeks.  Vesicles occur in the oral cavity, on the tongue, lips, snout, interdigital spaces
and coronary band.  Affected pigs are pyrexic and acutely lame.  high morbidity low mortality
 The disease is clinically indistinguishable from the other vesicular diseases of
pigs, namely foot-and-mouth disease, vesicular stomatitis and swine vesicular
disease.  Samples rich in virus include vesicular fluid and the overlying flap of epithelium.  Diagnostic techniques include ELISA and CFT for antigen detection,
immunoelectron microscopy and virus isolation in pig kidney cell lines, with
identification by virus neutralization; RT-PCR