LESSON 9 ADENOVIRUS

Question 1

causes infectious canine hepatitis, with lesions arising from direct cytopathic effects and immune complex formation.

Answer 1

Canine adenovirus serotype 1

Dog Fox

Question 2

is involved in infectious tracheobronchitis (kennel cough), a highly contagious respiratory disease

Answer 2

Canine adenovirus serotype 2
Dog

Question 3

Usually a subclinical or mild respiratory infection in the horse population. Is associated with pneumonia, which is invariably fatal, in Arabian foals with severe combined immunodeficiency disease

Answer 3

Equine adenovirus A
Horse

Question 4

Associated with occasional outbreaks of respiratory and enteric disease

Answer 4

Bovine adenoviruses
Cattle

Question 5

Associated with occasional outbreaks of respiratory and enteric disease

Answer 5

Ovine adenoviruses
Sheep

Question 6

Usually subclinical infections; occasionally cause diarrhoea

Answer 6

Porcine adenoviruses
Pig

Question 7

Frequently isolated from healthy birds or following respiratory disease. Associated with quail bronchitis, inclusion body hepatitis and

Answer 7

Virus:
Fowl

Host:
Fowl, quail

Question 8

hepatitis–hydropericardium syndrome

Answer 8

Virus:
adenoviruses

Question 9

Causes egg drop syndrome in laying hens

Answer 9

Duck adenovirus A

Duck, turkey

Question 10

pheasant Causes turkey haemorrhagic enteritis (dysentery in 4 to 12-week-old poults with a mortality rate of up to 60%) and marble spleen disease in pheasants (characterized by sudden death, pulmonary oedema and splenic necrosis in 2 to 8-month-old birds)

Answer 10

Turkey adenovirus A

Turkey,

Question 11

Avian adenovirus :
 isolated from

Answer 11

fowl, turkeys, pheasants, pigeons, ducks, quail, geese, guinea fowl and budgerigars.

Question 12

Avian adenovirus :
 isolated from fowl, turkeys, pheasants, pigeons, ducks, quail, geese, guinea fowl and budgerigars.
 Some avian adenoviruses exhibit a marked species specificity while others have a broad host species range.
 ____________ distribution

Answer 12

Worldwide

Question 13

Avian adenovirus :
 isolated from fowl, turkeys, pheasants, pigeons, ducks, quail, geese, guinea fowl and budgerigars.
 Some avian adenoviruses exhibit a marked species specificity while others have a broad host species range.
 ____________ distribution

Answer 13

Worldwide

Question 14

AVIAN ADENOVIRUS
 _______ are an important source of infection. Egg transmission also occurs.
 Maternal antibodies control infections in ________.

Answer 14

Faeces
young birds

Question 15

occurs chiefly in broilers but can also be seen in rearing pullets.

Answer 15

Inclusion body hepatitis (IBH)

Question 16

 Mortality: 10% - 30% where there is immunosuppression due to

Answer 16

infectious bursal disease or chicken anaemia virus infection.

Question 17

AVIAN ADENOVIRUS
Lesions include an _____________<,_________,______

 Histologically there is hepatic necrosis and intranuclear inclusions in hepatocytes.
 Diagnosis is usually based on clinical signs and post mortem examination because apparently healthy birds can also excrete fowl adenoviruses and possess antibodies.
 Control measures are general in nature because vaccines are not routinely available and the aetiology and pathogenesis of IBH is not fully understood

Answer 17

*enlarged, friable liver with haemorrhages on the surface, intramuscular haemorrhages and anaemia.

Question 18

 was first described in Northern Ireland in 1976.

Answer 18

Egg drop syndrome

Question 19

 Egg drop syndrome was first described in

Answer 19

Northern Ireland in 1976.

Question 20

 is widespread in ducks

Answer 20

duck adenovirus A infection

Question 21

 The disease is characterized by a __________ by the laying of abnormal eggs or by a failure to peak.

Answer 21

drop in egg production

Question 22

 Egg drop syndrome
 The condition is usually seen in _____ between the

Answer 22

hens
start of lay and 36 weeks of age.

Question 23

Egg drop syndrome
 Lesions are found in the ________, particularly the __________, of affected birds.
 Intranuclear inclusions are commonly seen in the _________of the pouch shell gland.
 Suitable specimens for isolation of the virus in avian cell lines, particularly duck kidney or fibroblast cells, include samples of oviduct and material from the pouch shell gland.
 Detection of the virus is possible using immunofluorescence, ELISA or PCR. The virus agglutinates avian red cells and the HAI test is the test of choice for the detection of antibodies.

Answer 23

*oviduct
pouch shell gland
*epithelial cells
*

Question 24

CANINE ADENOVIRUS INFECTION:
 Two closely related serotypes of canine adenovirus, _________and ______ are described in dogs.

Answer 24

canine adenovirus type 1 (CAV-1) and canine adenovirus type 2 (CAV-2),

Question 25

 Under natural conditions ____________ is associated with a generalized infection, infectious canine hepatitis (see below),
while

________ is more commonly associated with respiratory disease.

Answer 25

CAV-1
CAV-2

Question 26

 Canine adenovirus type 1 causes infectious

Answer 26

canine hepatitis or Rubarths disease

Question 27

 causes infectious canine hepatitis or Rubarths

Answer 27

Canine adenovirus type 1

Question 28

 Canine adenovirus type 1 causes infectious canine hepatitis or Rubarths disease
 _______ in distribution but rarely cause disease due to widespread use of commercial vaccine
 affects the liver and vascular endothelium
 Transmission via urine, faeces or saliva from infected animals.
 The immune response usually eliminates virus from host tissues by
14 days after initial infection.
 However, virus may persist in the kidneys and, in some instances, may be excreted in urine for more than 6 months.
 Pathogenesis of CAV 1 infection is illustrated in Fig. 5

Answer 28

*Worldwide

Question 29

affects the liver and vascular endothelium

Answer 29

Canine adenovirus type 1

Question 30

 Canine adenovirus type 1
Transmission via

Answer 30

urine, faeces or saliva from infected animals.

Question 31

Canine adenovirus type 1
 The immune response usually eliminates virus from host tissues by _______ after initial infection.
 However, virus may persist in the ____ and, in some instances, may be excreted in _____ for ____________
 Pathogenesis of CAV 1 infection is illustrated in Fig. 5

Answer 31

*14 days
*kidneys,urine ,more than 6 months.

Question 32

 Canine adenovirus type 1
Clinical signs:
Diagnosis:
Treatment:

Answer 32

 Clinical signs:
 The incubation period is up to 7 days.
 Dogs of all ages are susceptible
 Subclinical infection is common while clinical disease is most frequently encountered in young dogs.
 Mortality rate ranges from 10 to 30% in mature dogs and up to 100% in young pups.
 In peracute disease, death occurs so rapidly that poisoning may be suspected.
 In acute disease, affected dogs present with fever, depression, anorexia, increased thirst, vomiting and diarrhoea.
 Abdominal palpation may elicit pain and, although hepatomegaly may be detected, jaundice is uncommon.
 Corneal opacity, either unilateral or bilateral, may occur within weeks of clinical recovery in about 20% of affected animals and usually resolves spontaneously.
 Recovered animals have life-long immunity.
 Diagnosis:
 Clinical history
 Basophilic intranuclear inclusion bodies in hepatocytes, Kupffer cells and endothelial cells are confirmatory.
 Viral antigen can be demonstrated by immunofluorescence in cryostat sections of liver.
 Suitable specimens for virus isolation in canine kidney cells include oropharyngeal swabs, blood, urine and faeces from affected animals sampled during the febrile stage of the disease.
 Samples of spleen, lymph nodes and kidney obtained post mortem are also suitable for virus isolation.
 Because of high levels of arginase activity in hepatic tissue, liver samples are unsuitable for virus isolation as this enzyme inhibits viral replication in tissue culture.
 A rising antibody titre, detectable using virus neutralization or haemagglutination inhibition tests, is indicative of active CAV-1 infection.
 Treatment: Supportive therapy, vaccinations

Question 33

death occurs so rapidly that poisoning may be suspected.

Answer 33

 Canine adenovirus type 1
peracute disease

Question 34

affected dogs present with fever, depression, anorexia, increased thirst, vomiting and diarrhoea.

Answer 34

 Canine adenovirus type 1
In acute disease,

Question 35

 Abdominal palpation may elicit pain and, although hepatomegaly may be detected, jaundice is uncommon.
 Corneal opacity, either unilateral or bilateral, may occur within weeks of clinical recovery in about 20% of affected animals and usually resolves spontaneously.
 Recovered animals have life-long immunity.

Answer 35

 Canine adenovirus type 1

Question 36

 Canine adenovirus type 2 is readily transmitted by
 Clinical signs are _______
 Affected dogs present with signs typical of ________^^^____’).
 Most dogs recover uneventfully and are immune to subsequent challenge.
 Virus is shed for about _________ post infection and can be isolated from _______
 Diagnosis can be confirmed by virus isolation in susceptible cells such as Madin–Darby canine kidney cells, in situ hybridization and PCR.
 Control: Vaccines containing CAV-2 also confer protection against CAV-1 infection.

Answer 36

*aerosol, replicating in both the upper and lower respiratory tract.
*typically mild or inapparent.
*canine infectious tracheobronchitis (‘kennel cough
*eight or nine days , nasal or oropharyngeal swabs.