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alevel psychology > Paper3: Mental Health > Flashcards

Paper3: Mental Health Flashcards

1
Q

Who created the 4 definitions of abnormal behaviour?

A
  • Rosenhan and Seligman
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2
Q

What are the four definitions of abnormal behaviour?

A
  • statistical infrequency
  • deviation from social norms
  • deviation from ideal mental health
  • failure to function adequately
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3
Q

Describe statistical infrequency

A
  • high IQ
  • musical brilliance
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4
Q

Describe failure to function

A
  • unable to maintain a job, education or hygiene
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5
Q

Describe deviation from social norms

A
  • dressing outlandish
  • talking to yourself
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6
Q

Describe deviation from ideal mental health

A
  • lacking positivity
  • losing touch with reality
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7
Q

Describe ICD

A
  • covers all illnesses
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8
Q

Describe DSM

A
  • covers psychological disorders
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9
Q

Describe affective disorders

A
  • affects mood
  • depression
  • bipolar
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10
Q

Describe psychotic disorders

A
  • loses touch with reality
  • schizophrenia
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11
Q

Describe anxiety

A
  • generalised anxiety
  • phobias
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12
Q

What was the aim of Rosenhan 1973

A
  • test the diagnostic ability of medical professionals in USA
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13
Q

What was the methodof Rosenhan?

A
  • pseudopatients make appointment at outpatient clinic in 12 hospitals
  • symptoms of hearing voice saying random words ‘thud’ or ‘hollow’
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14
Q

What were the results to Rosenhan?

A
  • all but one patient admitted to psychiatric ward for schizophrenia
  • medical practitioners treated patients badly
  • left them alone
  • noted that all behaviour was abnormal
  • all patients discharged with a diagnosis of schizophrenia in remission
  • patients felt powerless and inhuman
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15
Q

How did Rosenhan follow up his research?

A
  • carried out research where student asked for help on university campus and in every case received it
  • told hospitals he was sending pseudopatients and medical staff had to rate how likely they were a pseudopatient
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16
Q

What were the follow up results to the further research?

A
  • 192 patients seen
  • none were pseudopatients
  • but 41 patients were rated a likely to be pseudopatients
  • by one or more staff
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17
Q

What were the conclusions to rosenhan?

A
  • ability to diagnose mental disorders is limited
  • once diagnosed, people are forever labelled
18
Q

What are the strengths to Rosenhan?

A
  • qualitative and quantitative data creates concurrent validity
  • reliable due to the controls
  • consistant sample creates consistant data
19
Q

What are the weaknesses to Rosenhan?

A
  • Validity is questionable due to lack of controls
  • eg experience and education of professionals may differ
20
Q

What are biological explanations for mental disorders?

A
  • based on neurotransmitters and hormones and how they affect our behaviour
21
Q

How is depression and seretonin linked?

A
  • drugs for serotonin have shown to decrease symptoms of depression
22
Q

How do genetic links affect mental illness?

A
  • children can inherit mental illness from parents due to genetics
23
Q

How does brain structure affect mental illness?

A
  • differences in pre-frontal cortex in twins
  • difference in brain and ventricle sizes
24
Q

What are the four biochemical explanations?

A
  • brain structure
  • genetic links
  • cell function
  • neurochemistry
25
Q

What is the aim to Gottesman 2010?

A
  • aimed to understand what genetic influences there are for developing schizophrenia by studying children whose parents had the disorder.
26
Q

What was the setting for Gottesman?

A
  • Data publicly available from denamrk
  • looked at children whose parents had a mental illness
27
Q

Describe the participants in Gottesman?

A
  • families where the parent s were admitted to psychiatric hospital for schizophrenia, bipolar or unipolar
  • compared to a control group of general population and parents who had not been to a psychiatric hospital
  • children were followed up to see if they had been admitted to a mental hospital
28
Q

What were the results to gottesman?

A
  • both parents , 27% child had same disorder
  • both parents, 39% child had schizophrenia
  • single parent, 7% child had same disorder
  • 0 parents, 1% child had mental illness
29
Q

What does gottesman conclude?

A
  • genetic link for schizophrenia with both parents increased
  • single parent chances decreased
30
Q

What were the strengths to Gottesman?

A
  • genetic links is applicable to all humans
  • controls created more validity
  • sample was very large
  • results were easy to obtain
31
Q

What were the weaknesses of the Gottesman?

A
  • secondary data reduced control and internal validity
  • reliability was compromised
32
Q

What is behaviourist explanations?

A
  • suggests that we are a product of our experiences, and all behaviour is learned and so can be unlearned.
33
Q

What are the cognitive explanations?

A
  • suggests that psychological disorders are a result of faulty thinking, and these patterns can lead to reinforced cycles of cognition.
34
Q

What did beck propose to the cognitive theory?

A
  • believed that a person with depression believes that:
  • they are worthless
  • that they are failures
  • there is no hope for future
35
Q

What are psychodynamic explanations?

A
  • how situations as we grow and develop can alter how we behave
  • freud
36
Q

What is the Cognitive Neuroscience explanation?

A
  • combines biological and cognitive explanations
37
Q

What does Szasz suggest?

A
  • suggest that there is an over-medicalisation of disorders and drug companies are trying to profit off of people.
  • suggests that it is impossible to diagnose mental illness as there are no tools that are proven to be accurate
38
Q

What was the myth of mental illness?

A
  • a paper szaz wrote
39
Q

What were the strengths to Szasz?

A
  • examples to change ICD and DSM
40
Q

What are the weaknesses to Szaz?

A
  • not valid as there is no evidence

alevel psychology (25 decks)

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