Paper1: Planning and conducting research Flashcards
1
Q
Describe a null hypothesis
A
- predicts that there will be no relationship between the variables being studied
- any results are due to chance
- no significance in supporting the idea being investigated
2
Q
Describe an alternative hypothesis
A
- predicts that there will be a relationship between the variables being studied
- any results are not due to chance
- are significant in supporting the idea being investigated
3
Q
Describe a one-tailed hypothesis
A
- directional
- predicts the nature of the effect of the independent variable on the dependent variable
4
Q
Describe a two-tailed hypothesis
A
- non-directional
- predicts that the independent variable will have an effect on the dependent variable
- the direction of the effect is not specified
5
Q
describe random sampling
A
- selecting participants where all of the target population have an equal chance in getting chosen
- less bias
- more representative
6
Q
describe snowball sampling
A
- initial participants recruit others to generate more participants.
- not representative
7
Q
describe opportunity sampling
A
- selecting people who are most easily available at the time of the study
- not representative
- quick and easy
8
Q
describe self-selected sampling
A
- asking people to volunteer to take part in the study
- not as representative
9
Q
describe the repeated measures design
A
- each participant takes part in every condition
- fewer participants are needed
- can fuel boredom
- lack in quality results
10
Q
Describe the independent measures design
A
- different participants are used in each level of the experiment
- no chance of boredom
- more participants are needed
11
Q
describe the matched pairs design
A
- similar participants are matched together.
- one placed in one condition and the other in another
- difficult to find desired properties in participants
12
Q
describe coding frames
A
- lists of behavioural categories with a code
13
Q
describe time sampling
A
- recording pre-determined behaviours at regular intervals
14
Q
describe event sampling
A
counting the number of behaviours in a specified time period, tally chart
15
Q
describe open questions
A
- allows participants to give fully detailed answers
- produce qualitative data
