Paper3: Criminal Flashcards
What did Lombrosso believe?
- that certain physical characteristics were more common in criminals than in non-criminals;
- a type of positivist criminology
What characteristics did Lombrosso believe criminals have?
- atavistic form
- strong jaw
- heavy brow
- long arms
- flat nose
What were the limitations to Lombrosso?
- there was no control group to compare to a non-criminal group.
- means that characteristics could be common or generalised to any population
- lack of technology meant that lombrosso only focussed on physical characteristics
What was the aim to Raine et al?
- to examine the link between brain abnormalities and criminal behaviour. Their findings support the biological explanation of criminality.
What was the method to Raine et al?
- Raine used PET scans on 41 criminals and 41 control participants
- criminals pleaded not guility reasons of insanity
What were the results to Raine et al?
- reduction in glucose metabolism in the:
- prefrontal cortex
- superior gyrus
- corpus callosum
- asymmetric activities in hemispheres
What were the strengths to Raine et al?
- control group was matched in age, gender
- increased validity
What are the 4 components to the cognitive interview?
- report everything
- context reinstatement
- recall in reverse order
- recall from a different perspective
What was the aim to Gielsman and Fisher?
- test cognitive interview in the field
What was the procedure to Gielsman and Fisher?
- field experiment
- interviews with 16 detectives from florida
- some detectives were trained in CI and some weren’t
What were the results from Gielsman and fisher?
- 63% more information obtained from CI officers
What was the aim of Memon and Higham article?
- reviews the effectiveness of the cognitive interview
What are the four themes in Memon and higham?
- Effectiveness of cognitive interview
- relationship between ci and another interview technique
- different measure of performance
- effect of training quality on interviewer performance
Describe tHeme 1 findings?
- context reinstatement was the most effective
Describe theme2 findings?
- cognitive interview is more effective than the standard interview
Describe theme3 findings?
- ci is quality over quantity
Describe theme4 findings?
- attitudes and motivation has an effect
What techniques does the cognitive interview use?
- memory techniques
- rapport with interviewee
What techniques does guided memory interview use?
- memory
What techniques does the standard interview use?
- building rapport with interviewee
What is the peace technique?
- preparation and planning
- engage and explain
- account
- closure
- evaluate
What is the atavistic form in Lombrosso?
- criminals evolutionary throwbacks to primitive species
What dis Sheldon 1942 believe?
- somatotyping
- 3 body types
- mesomorph - criminals
What did Phineas Gage believe?
- injuries lead to criminal behaviour
- iron rod through the frontal lobe
What did Jacobs 1965 believe?
- XYY men more aggressive than XY
- lower intelligence, higher aggression
