Paper2: Cognitive-Moray

Question 1

What is attention?

Answer 1

• how much brain focusses on information
• reacting to cues and stimuli

Question 2

Describe the aim to Moray?

Answer 2

• to see how strongly we could reject a stimulus whilst focussing on another.
• used dichotic listening

Question 3

Describe the method in experiment 1?

Answer 3

• Ear1 35 words, asked to block out
• Ear2 message to listen to
• recall anything from block words
• given 21 words 7 from each variable

Question 4

What was the design in experiment1?

Answer 4

• repeated measures

Question 5

What was the IV in experiment1?

Answer 5

• Recall from the unattended message, number of correct words from the recognition test.

Question 6

What happened in Experiment2?

Answer 6

• ear1 presented instructions to block out
• ear 2 two different passages were heard
• ear1 instruction to keep switching ears
• instruction was addressed by participants name

Question 7

What was the independent variable in experiment2?

Answer 7

Whether the instruction was affective (participants name) or non affective.

Question 8

What was the dependent variable in experiment 2?

Answer 8

• The frequency with which the instruction was heard

Question 9

Describe study1 results

Answer 9

• Showed no evidence of the rejected message having been recognised.
• Recognition rate for rejected message was lower than shadowed and not present words

Question 10

Describe study2 results

Answer 10

• Affective message were heard significantly more than non affective messages.
• The presence of a name broke through the attentional barrier

Question 11

Describe the conclusions to Moray

Answer 11

• The verbal content of the rejected message is blocked, even when the message is repeated many times.
• important messages (own name) can break this block .

Question 12

What are the strengths to Moray?

Answer 12

• highly controlled, increases validity
• realistic to real life situations
• replicability increases reliability because the study can be repeated
• no ethical concerns

Question 13

What were the weaknesses to the study?

Answer 13

• participants were aware that they were in the study.
• social desirability increased
• ecological validity wearing headphones to hear 2 different message sis low
• sample is not generalisable

Question 14

How is Moray deterministic?

Answer 14

• we cant pay attention to more than 1 message but our inability to do so is determined

Question 15

How is Moray holistic?

Answer 15

• investigated both effect of affective & unaffective commands