Paper2: Social-Pilliavin

Question 1

What theories support Piliavin?

Answer 1

• Pluralistic Ignorance
• Ambiguity of the situation
• Diffusion of responsibility
• Bystander apathy

Question 2

What is pluralistic ignorance?

Answer 2

• explains why people also fail to respond to an emergency when there are other people around.

Question 3

What is diffusion of responsibility?

Answer 3

• when people who need to make a decision wait for someone else to act instead.
• more people more diffusion of responsibility

Question 4

What is bystander apathy?

Answer 4

• individuals are less likely to offer help to a victim in presence of other people.

Question 5

What is the aim to Piliavin study?

Answer 5

• aims to investigate the effect of several variables on the likelihood of helping behaviour

Question 6

What type of experiment Piliavin?

Answer 6

• field experiment

Question 7

What was the independent variable to Piliavin?

Answer 7

• type of victim, race of victim, effect of model, size of witnessing group.

Question 8

What was the dependent variable to Piliavin?

Answer 8

• frequency of help, speed of help, race of helper, sex of helper, movement out of critical area, verbal comment from bystanders.

Question 9

What was the sample in Piliavin?

Answer 9

• 4450 men and women
• New York Subway 11am-3pm
• 15th April - 26th June 1968
• 45% black
• 55% white

Question 10

Describe the four teams of researchers?

Answer 10

• 2 female and 2 male observers
• one as a victim and one as a model

Question 11

Describe the victims?

Answer 11

• 3 white 1 black
• 26-35 year old
• drunk victim - holding bottle in a paper bag
• cane victim - cane with glasses
• all identically dressed

Question 12

Describe the models?

Answer 12

• white males
• 24-29 years old

Question 13

What did the observers do?

Answer 13

• record the dependent variable
• one in the critical and one in the adjacent area
• observe race, sex, location of passengers. Total number of people who help, time taken before model steps in.

Question 14

What was the procedure to Piliavin?

Answer 14

• 70secs in, victim staggers and collapses
• remains on floor until helped
• if no help given, model steps in
• next stop, get off and then enter opposite train
• 6-8 trials per day

Question 15

What results were found in Piliavin?

Answer 15

• Cane Victim Help: 95%
• Drunk victim help: 50%
• 100% cane help vs 81% drunk help
• 90% first helpers are male
• same race effect in drunk condition
• no diffusion of responsibility
• more comments made in drunk condition

Question 16

What were the conclusions to Piliavin?

Answer 16

• individual who is ill will get more help than individual who is drunk
• men are more likely to help in mixed gendered groups
• people more likely to help someone in same race, in mixed raced groups
• help is more likely in a situation where individuals cannot leave it