Paper1: Data Recording, analysis, and presentation Flashcards
describe nominal data
- recording data in totals of named categories
- nominate for category
describe ordinal data
- recording data as points along a scale
- gaps between points are not always equal
- rank
describe interval data
- recording data on a scale where gaps between intervals are equal
- time
describe quantitative data
- numerical data
describe qualitative data
- descriptive data
describe primary data
- data gathered directly from the sample
describe secondary data
- data from other researchers
what are the ways to measure central tendency
mode
mean
median
describe measures of central tendency
way to describe an average from results
what are the ways to measure dispersion
variance
range
standard deviation
describe measures of dispersion
way to describe the variance of the spread of scores
describe the variance
average of the squared differences from the mean
describe standard deviation
measure of how spread out the scores are in a data set
square root of variance
describe tables of critical value
- psychologists can compare the calculated observed value of their data with the critical data
- find significance of their own data
when should we use parametric tests
- data has to be interval or ratio
- data has to have a curve of normal distribution
- variances should be similar
give examples of parametric testing
- t tests
- anova tests
when should we use non-parametric tests
- when data does not show a normal distribution curve
give examples of non-parametric testing
- chi squared
- mann whitney U
- wilcoxon signed ranks
- binominal sign tests
- spearmans rank
Describe Mann-Whitney U test
- used with ordinal data
- interval
- ratio
- independent measures
Describe Wilcoxon test
- ordinal data
- repeated measures design
Describe binominal sign test
- nominal data
- repeated design
describe spearmans rank
- paired scores
- ordinal
- test for correlation
describe Type1 errors
- rejecting the null hypothesis when it is true
