Paper 3 : Forensics Key Studies

Question 1

David canter

Answer 1

Bottom up profiling

Question 2

Copson top down

Answer 2

82% of 184 US police officers said technique was useful
90% would use again

Question 3

Alison

Answer 3

Found top down technique 50% of officers rated profile as accurate even though it was very different to the crime

Question 4

Copson bottom down

Answer 4

75% of 48 police officers said it’s been useful
3% said it actually helped find criminal

Question 5

Colin stagg

Answer 5

Was wrongly arrested and prosecuted while Robert Napper got away as he didn’t match height profile

Question 6

Lombroso

Answer 6

Atavastic form
Studied 50,000 criminals body’s

Question 7

Raine

Answer 7

Concordance rates
52% MZ 21% DZ

Question 8

Mednick

Answer 8

Adoption study
20% of children’s who parents were criminals also ended up as criminals

Question 9

Raine neural

Answer 9

High rates of reduced pre frontal cortex activity

Question 10

Caspi

Answer 10

Boys who had MAOA-L gene only became aggressive if they were mistreated in real life

Question 11

Eysenck

Answer 11

Personality questionnaire and 3 personality variables

Question 12

Dunlop

Answer 12

Found extra version and psychoticism were good indicators of delinquency

Question 13

Edwin Sutherland

Answer 13

Differential association theory

Question 14

Kohlberg

Answer 14

Levels of moral reasoning

Question 15

Dodge

Answer 15

Found aggressive children more likely to read situations as having negative motive (hostile attribution bias)

Question 16

Kennedy and Grubin

Answer 16

Interviewed sex offenders
1/2 were unwilling to take full responsibility
1/3 believed they had harmed the victim

Question 17

Palmer and Hollins

Answer 17

Male offenders scored badly on moral reasoning tests

Question 18

Osborne and west

Answer 18

40% of sons with criminal conviction fathers had a conviction by 18. 13% for control group

Question 19

Kroese

Answer 19

Showed offenders more likely to be from single parent household

Question 20

Bowlby

Answer 20

44 thieves study

Question 21

Custodial sentencing

Answer 21

Recidivism rates are 46%

Question 22

Hobbs and Holf

Answer 22

Found pro social behaviour increased by 27% in a group of 12-15 year olds (token economies)

Question 23

Taylor and Novaco

Answer 23

Anger management
75% improvement rate at reducing anger across 6 studies

Question 24

Mcguire

Answer 24

Found evidence that anger management reduced recidivism

Question 25

Sherman and strang

Answer 25

Recidivism rates reduced to 11% compared to 37% with restorative justice.

Question 26

Van dam

Answer 26

Found very few male offenders scored highly on all 3 scales - lacks predictive validity