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Pyschology > Paper 3 : Forensic > Flashcards

Paper 3 : Forensic Flashcards

1
Q

Top down profiling

A

Process is intuitive and based on deductive reasoning. Based on whether killer is organised disorganised. What type of job they have, status, personality

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2
Q

Bottom up

A

David canter
Uses empirical data
Interpersonal coherence
Forensic awareness
Geographical profiling
Criminal geographic targeting

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3
Q

Interpersonal coherence

A

People are consistent so their crimes reflect usual behaviours

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4
Q

Forensic awareness

A

How well they covered their crimes could indicate past convictions

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5
Q

Circle theory

A

Offenders commit crimes within small radius where they love (marauder) or where they know well (commuter)

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6
Q

Criminal geographic profiling

A

Using statistical analysis to find offenders base

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7
Q

Atavistic form

A

Lombroso
Physical features that make an innate criminal
Evolutionary throwback
Born criminals - evolutionary throwback
Insane criminals - mental illness
Criminaloids - commit crimes due to bad experiences

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8
Q

Somatotypes

A

Kretschmer
Identified body types and common crime types

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9
Q

Leptosome

A

Tall and thin, petty crimes

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10
Q

Athletic

A

Tall and muscular - violence

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11
Q

Pkynic

A

Short and fat, deception

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12
Q

Dysplastic

A

Mixed, immoral crimes like prostitution

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13
Q

Genetic explanations

A

Candidate genes MAOA-L known as warrior gene, leads to excessive serotonin which desensitises us to it and makes us less inhibited

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14
Q

Neural explanations

A

Parts of the brain have abnormal structures or functioning linked with leading to committing crimes

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15
Q

Prefrontal cortex

A

Linking with regulating emotion and moral behaviour. Low activity is linked with impulsiveness and lack of self control

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16
Q

Limbic system

A

Regulating emotions and motivation
Included amygdala responsible for identifying threats

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17
Q

Serotonin

A

Decreased serotonin could lead to impulsive behaviours

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18
Q

Eysencks theory of criminal personality

A

Identified three personality variable and developed eysencks personality questionnaire

19
Q

Extra version interaversion

A

Extraverts seek new experiences, under stimulated nervous system. Impulsive crimes that give adrenaline rush

20
Q

Neuroticism stability

A

Neurotics are less emotionally stable and unpredictable. More sensitive fight or flight. Crimes of passion or provoked violent attacks

21
Q

Psychotism normality

A

Aggressive, egocentric less empathy. High levels of testerone. No remorse

22
Q

Cognitive distortions

A

Irrational ways of thinking that offenders demonstrate, help cause and justify offences

23
Q

Hostile attribution bias

A

Offenders see ambiguous behaviours from others as having a negative or aggressive motive

24
Q

Minimalisation

A

Downplay severity of their crimes

25
Q

Kohlbergs levels of moral reasoning

A

Preconventional stage under 6 years old only concerned about preventing punishment for bad behaviour
Conventional stage 7-11 years concerned about preserving our reputation as good boy or girl
Post conventional stage - develop our own set of moral

26
Q

Differential association theory

A

Edwin Sutherland believed offending behaviour is learnt from our close relationships

27
Q

Pro crime attitudes

A

Offending behaviour is desirable and specific moral codes

28
Q

Specific criminal acts

A

How to commit crime for the most gain and least risk

29
Q

Pyschodynamic explanations

A

Freud
Children in phallice stage go through Oedipus/ electra complex, in order to resolve this they must identify with thier same sex parent and learn morality from them in developing a super ego

30
Q

Weak superego

A

Absent same sex parent leads to underdeveloped super ego, more driven to commit crimes by selfish ID

31
Q

Deviant superego

A

Pro crime parents teach a superego with poor morality

32
Q

Over harsh super ego

A

Strict parents make superego overdeveloped, feel like they are doing everything wrong

33
Q

Bowlbys maternal deprivation

A

Children with inconsistent mother figure at young age are likely to grow to become affectionless psychopaths

34
Q

Aims of custodial sentencing

A

Protect public
Punish by preventing recidivism
Deterrretn
Retribution
Rehabilitate

35
Q

Affects of custodial sentencing

A

De-individuating
Depression
Overcrowding
Lack of privacy
Effects on family

36
Q

Token economy

A

Given tokens for desirable behaviours. Exchanged for rewards like chocolate, cigarettes or extra visiting hours. Undesirable behaviours are punished with removal of tokens

37
Q

Theoretical basis

A

Rewards act as positive reinforcement making behaviour more likely. Token goes from neutral stimulus to conditioned stimulus

38
Q

Aims of anger management

A

Cognitive restructuring (become more self aware
Regulation of arousal (gain better control over their feelings of anger)
Behavioural strategies (educate on how to avoid anger)

39
Q

Stress incolulafkon model

A

CBT

40
Q

Stage 1

A

Cognitive preparation
Help patient identify triggers and see them as irrational or distorted

41
Q

Stage 2

A

Still acquisition
Teach patient behavioural, cognitive, physiological strategies for reducing anger. Deep breathing, rational thinking, strategic withdrawal

42
Q

Stage 3

A

Application practice
Therapist and patient role play
Praised by postive reinforcement

43
Q

Restorative justice

A

Trying to repair the harm they caused
Based on communication - with trained mediator
Helps to restore the situation back to what it was before the crime
May involve community service

44
Q

Aims of restorative justice

A

Reduce recidivism

Pyschology (13 decks)

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