PAPER 2 - Transfer of Skills

Question 1

what is transfer of learning?

Answer 1

the influence of the learning and performance of one skill on the learning and performance of another skill

Question 2

the skill of throwing a ball links to what other sporting movements (in other sports)?

Answer 2

• throwing a javelin
• fielding in rounders or cricket

Question 3

the skill of a forehand shot in tennis could influence what other sporting movements?

Answer 3

negative transfer: forehand in badminton
the wrist action is different

Question 4

what is positive transfer?

Answer 4

the learning of one skill HELPS the learning of another skill

Question 5

give an example of positive transfer in sport?

Answer 5

being able to throw a javelin could be benefitted by being able to throw a ball

Question 6

what is negative transfer?

Answer 6

the learning of one skill HINDERS the learning of another skill

Question 7

give a prac example of negative transfer?

Answer 7

forehand shot:
the flexible use of the wrist in badminton vs the firm wrist in tennis

Question 8

why does negative transfer occur?

Answer 8

the performer misunderstands the requirements of the skill

Question 9

what is bilateral transfer?

Answer 9

transfer of learning from one limb to another through a MP

Question 10

give a prac example of bilateral transfer?

Answer 10

a footballer being able to dribble with their left foot and can transfer the skill to their right foot

Question 11

what is the transfer appropriate processing?

Answer 11

even when negative transfer occurs there can be positive transfer

eg: badminton/tennis has negative transfer but in both sports, shots need to be timed and directed

Question 12

describe the transfer in badminton and tennis?

Answer 12

• wrist action is different (negative)
• being able to do a forehand shot (positive)
• weight of the shuttle/tennis ball is different (negative)

Question 13

describe the transfer in basketball and netball?

Answer 13

• passing chest/overhead (positive)
• the wrist action in shooting as netball has no backboard (negative)
• marking is different -> in netball you have to be 1m away (negative)

Question 14

describe transfer in football and hockey?

Answer 14

• offside in football not hockey (negative)
• dribbling/ positioning is different (negative)
• different sized balls (negative)
• hockey uses a stick

Question 15

how does bilateral transfer occur?

Answer 15

• understanding the cognitive aspects of the skill
• MP’s subconsciously transferred between limbs

Question 16

what are the two types of bilateral transfer?

Answer 16

symmetrical: practice on both limbs at the same time

asymmetrical: practice on one limb and transfer to other limb

Question 17

what is proactive transfer?

Answer 17

a previously learned skill influences the learning of a new skill

Question 18

give a prac example of proactive transfer?

Answer 18

overarm throw taught before teaching a tennis serve

Question 19

what is retroactive transfer?

Answer 19

a newly learned skill influences a skill previously learned

Question 20

give a prac example of retroactive transfer?

Answer 20

a GK plays rugby and learnt to jump in line and reverting back to football, his previous catching skills could show improvement

Question 21

how to limit negative transfer? (3)

Answer 21

• use training aids like cones to help learn the skill
• explain the skill simply and basic so the skill is fully understood
• make the practices replicate the game situation so that there is no negative transfer of skills