PAPER 1 - Energy for Exercise

Question 1

What is ADENOSINE TRIPHOSPHATE ?

Answer 1

a high-energy compound which is the only immediately available SOURCE OF ENERGY for MUSCULAR CONTRACTION

Question 2

What at ATPase ?

Answer 2

an ENZYME which catalyses the BREAKDOWN of ATP

Question 3

What is an EXOTHERMIC REACTION ?

Answer 3

a reaction that releases energy

Question 4

What is ADENSONE DIPHOSPHATE ?

Answer 4

a compound formed by the REMOVAL of a PHOSPHATE BOND from ATP

Question 5

What is an ENDOTHERMIC REACTION ?

Answer 5

a chemical reaction which absorbs energy

Question 6

What is CREATINE KINASE ?

Answer 6

an enzyme which catalyses the BREAKDOWN of PHOSPHOCREATINE

Question 7

What is a COUPLED REACTION ?

Answer 7

where the products of one reaction are used in another reaction

Question 8

What are the 3 energy systems ?

Answer 8

• ATP-PC system
• glycolytic system
• aerobic system

Question 9

What is PHOSPHOFRUCTOKINASE (PFK)

Answer 9

an ENZYME which catalyses the BREAKDOWN of GLUCOSE (glycolysis)

Question 10

What is the full name of the enzyme PFK ?

Answer 10

PHOSPHO - FRUCTO - KINASE

Question 11

What is ANAEROBIC GLYCOLYSIS ?

Answer 11

the partial breakdown of glucose into PYRUVIC ACID

Question 12

What is LACTATE DEHYGROGENASE (LDH) ?

Answer 12

an ENZYME which catalyses the CONVERSION of PYRUVIC ACID into LACTIC ACID

Question 13

What is the full name of the enzyme LDH ?

Answer 13

LACTATE DE - HYDRO - GENASE

Question 14

ATP-PC SYSTEM : TYPE OF REACTION

Answer 14

anaerobic

Question 15

ATP-PC SYSTEM : SITE

Answer 15

sarcoplasm

Question 16

ATP-PC SYSTEM : FOOD FUEL

Answer 16

phosphocreatine

Question 17

ATP-PC SYSTEM : ENZYMES

Answer 17

creatine kinase

Question 18

ATP-PC SYSTEM : ATP YIELD

Answer 18

1 : 1

Question 19

ATP-PC SYSTEM : STAGES

Answer 19

PC –> P + C + energy (EXOTHERMIC)

energy + P + ADP (ENDOTHERMIC)

Question 20

ATP-PC SYSTEM : BY-PRODUCTS

Answer 20

none

Question 21

ATP-PC SYSTEM : INTENSITY

Answer 21

very high intensity

Question 22

ATP-PC SYSTEM : DURATION

Answer 22

2 - 10 secs

Question 23

GLYCOLYTIC SYSTEM : TYPE OF REACTION

Answer 23

anaerobic

Question 24

GLYCOLYTIC SYSTEM : SITE

Answer 24

sarcoplasm

Question 25

GLYCOLYTIC SYSTEM : FOOD FUEL USED

Answer 25

glycogen / glucose

Question 26

GLYCOLYTIC SYSTEM : ENZYME

Answer 26

PFK and LDH

Question 27

GLYCOLYTIC SYSTEM : YIELD

Answer 27

1 : 2

Question 28

GLYCOLYTIC SYSTEM : STAGES

Answer 28

anaerobic glycolysis: glycogen -> glucose -> pyruvic acid + energy lactate pathway: pyruvic acid -> lactic acid energy + 2P + 2ADP -> 2ATP (ENDOTHERMIC)

Question 29

GLYCOLYTIC SYSTEM : BY-PRODUCTS

Answer 29

lactic acid

Question 30

GLYCOLYTIC SYSTEM : INTENSITY

Answer 30

high intensity

Question 31

GLYCOLYTIC SYSTEM : DURATION

Answer 31

10s - 3min (peak at 1min)

Question 32

What is the KREB'S CYCLE ?

Answer 32

the SECOND STAGE of the aerobic system producing energy to RESYNTHESISE 2 ATP in the MITOCHONDRIA MATRIX

Question 33

What is the ELECTRON TRANSPORT CHAIN (ETC) ?

Answer 33

the THIRD STAGE of the aerobic system producing energy to RESYNTHESISE 34 ATP in the MITOCHONDRIA CRISTAE

Question 34

What is the ENERGY CONTINUUM ?

Answer 34

relative CONTRIBUTION of each energy system to overall EVERY PRODUCTION depending on INTENSITY and DURATION of the activity

Question 35

PREDOMINANT ENERGY SYSTEM... intensity = very high duration = < 10 secs

Answer 35

ATP-PC system

Question 36

PREDOMINANT ENERGY SYSTEM... intensity = high duration = 10s - 3min

Answer 36

Glycolytic system

Question 37

PREDOMINANT ENERGY SYSTEM... intensity = low-moderate duration = > 3 mins

Answer 37

Aerobic system

Question 38

What is INTERMITTENT EXERCISE ?

Answer 38

activity where the INTENSITY alternates either during... - interval training = work : relief intervals - game = breaks of play

Question 39

What is a THRESHOLD ?

Answer 39

the point at which an athlete's PREDOMINANT energy production moves from one energy system to another

Question 40

What are WORK : RELIEF PERIODS ?

Answer 40

the VOLUME of RELIEF in relation to the VOLUME of WORK PERFORMED

Question 41

How do RECOVERY PERIODS affect thresholds ?

Answer 41

anaerobic activities = ATP-PC and Glycolytic = quickly replenished = breaks aid recovery (basketball)

Question 42

How does FITNESS LEVEL affect thresholds ?

Answer 42

- high VO2 Max - efficient cardiovascular - increases INTENSITY - increased BUFFERING CAPACITY - better LACTIC ACID removal - O2 arrival earlier - FFA demand is met - increases DURATION

Question 43

What are the other factors that affect energy production ?

Answer 43

- position of the player - tactics and strategies - level of competition - structure of the game

Question 44

How does POSITION OF THE PLAYER affect energy systems ?

Answer 44

- goalkeeper = aerobic | - atp-pc for dives, kicks, defense

Question 45

How do TACTICS AND STRATEGIES affect energy systems ?

Answer 45

- man-man marking = increased intensity = anaerobic systems

Question 46

How does LEVEL OF COMPETITION affect energy systems ?

Answer 46

- tough competition = increased intensity = anaerobic systems

Question 47

How does the STRUCTURE OF THE GAME affect energy systems ?

Answer 47

- field games = large pitch = increased duration = decreased intensity = aerobic system