Pancreatic Physiology Flashcards
Role of insulin
Insulin regulates cellular absorbtion and utilisation of glucose
What do pancreatic ɑ, β and delta cells produce
Ɑ - glucagon
Β - insulin
Delta - somatostatin
What does somatostatin do in the GI tract as well as what it does to insulin
Inhibits insulin release
Causes slowing of the peristaltic movement of the GI tract
↓ absorption
↓ secretion
PROTECTS AGAINST RAPID INCREASE IN PLASMA NUTRIENT LEVELS
What causes the regulation of insulin
Elevation of the plasma glucose concentration
Elevation of the plasma amino acid concentration
Vagus nerve innervation due to food ingestion
Somatostatin inhibits glucose release
Effect of insulin on carbohydrate metabolism
↑ uptake of glucose into skeletal muscle adipose tissue and hepatocytes
(When glucose goes into hepatocytes it doesn’t need facilitated diffusion, the limiting factor is the concentration gradient, this is overcome by insulin phosphorylation of intracellular glucose)
↑ glycogen production in cells
Stimulates use of glucose as energy
Effect of insulin on fat metabolism triglycerides into lipid stores
Prevention of glyconeogenesis
Fatty acid synthesis to glucose
Promoting carbohydrate metabolism instead of fat
Effect of insulin of protein metabolism ↑ protein
↑ protein synthesis
↑ amino acid uptake, for protein synthesis
Prevention of gluconeogenesis