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GERR Semester 1 > Lecture 51 Obstetrics And Perinatal Infections > Flashcards

Lecture 51 Obstetrics And Perinatal Infections Flashcards

1
Q

What does allograft mean

A

The sharing of tissue between 2 people, usually with an immune response

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2
Q

How does the females body prevent immunological response to her foetus?

A

Placenta is the immunological barrier

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3
Q

How does the placenta prevent immunological response to the allograft?

A

Blocking of immune cells

Inhibition of T cells

Reduced expression of MHC antigens on placental cells

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4
Q

Why are women more at risk of disease when pregnant?

A

The body downregulates T cells, ↓ the ability for the body to produce an immune response

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5
Q

What would happen if the. Mother would have full immunological responses during pregnancy?

A

Graft rejection

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6
Q

Infections more severe in pregnancy

A

Malaria- infection on RBC- blood accumulates at placenta= more severe

Influenza

UTI- obstruction to normal urinary outflow

Candidiasis

Listeriosis

Varicella

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7
Q

What is intrauterine infection

A

Infection of the Baby from the mother during pregnancy

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8
Q

Perinatal transmission definition

A

Infection of the baby during the birth

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9
Q

What are the TORCH infections spread intrauterine mother to baby

A

Toxoplasma

Others, parvovirus, syphillis,

Rubella

Cytomegalovirus

Herpes simplex

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10
Q

Perinatal transmission diseases list

BLOOD BOURNE, COLONISE VAGINA

A

HIV And HBV- blood bourne

Group B streptococci

COLONISE THE VAGINA
Listeria from food sources

Chlamydia

Gonorrhoea-

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11
Q

Name the types of disease transmission from mother to baby

A

Intrauterine- cross the placenta (TORCH)

Perinatal - blood bourne/colonise the vagina

Post natal- breast milk (HTLV- human t lymphotropic virus)

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12
Q

Which intrauterine disease causes sensorineural deafness, diabetes mellitus later in life, and ↑ risk of cataracts, heart and brain problems in the infant?

A

Congenital rubella syndrome

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13
Q

In the infant, where is congenital rubella syndrome best tested for? And using which test?

A

PCR test

Virus shed in the urine and in the throat of the infant

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14
Q

Congenital rubella syndrome causes microcephaly, what is this?

A

Microcephalic is the abnormal size of the head in relation to the rest of the body

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15
Q

Parvovirus B19 causes macrulopapular rash on the face of children. What is another name for this?

A

Slapped cheek syndrome

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16
Q

What maternal infection causes fetal anaemia?

A

Parvovirus B19

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17
Q

Parvovirus causes fetal anaemia (pale baby), what can this lead to in the cardiovascular system

A

Heart failure and hydrops foetalis (swelling of the baby)

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18
Q

What is hydrops foetalis

A

Swelling of the baby

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19
Q

What diseases should we look for if the pregannct mother is in contact with a rash. What should we look for?

A

Parvovirus b19

Rubella

Look for immunity or current infection

20
Q

How should we treat baby of mother with ImG of parvovirus b19?

A

Intrauterine blood transfusion

21
Q

Cytomegalovirus is another intrauterine infection, how can this be tested in babies?

A

Urine positive for CMV PCR at birth

22
Q

Which of the TORCH intrauterine diseases Causes herpes, (which can damage liver cells in the baby), spleen, brain and eye damage?

A

Cytomegalovirus

23
Q

Syphillis can also be spread from mother to baby, how does this affect the liver of the newborn?

A

Hepatosplenomegally, jaundice and anaemia

Also affects bones brain ears and teeth

24
Q

Mother to be presents with syphillis, what is the treatment to prevent congenital syphilis, or possible miscarriage?

A

Penicillin in the mother

25
Q

Toxoplasma gondii is spread in 2 vectors, name these.

A

Undercooked meat and cat faeces

Risky in all 3 trimesters

26
Q

Toxoplasma gondii can cause damage in the brains, livers, eyes, spleen, and cardiac systems of babies. Name a few symptoms of these problems.

A

Chorioretinitis

Heptosplenomegally

Rash

Cardiac pulmonary disease

Blindness

Microcephaly

Encephalitis (learning difficulties)

Jaundice

27
Q

Which virus causes the woman to possibly develop maternal pneumonitis, the baby to develop limb deformities, brain and eye abnormalities?

A

Varicella or chickenpox

28
Q

If the woman is not immune to chickenpox, what type of treatment is given?

A

Human antibody product

Passive immunisation

29
Q

What is given to the baby if the o pregnant woman has high HBV DNA?

A

Hepatitis B vaccination for the baby

Possibly immunoglobulin to fight infection passively

30
Q

How do we prevent spread of HIV from mother to baby?

A

C section, don’t do vaginal birth, perinatal disease spread

31
Q

What intervention is recommended in HIV positive pregnant woman? And viral load is high (HIV retrovirus)

A

Give woman antiretroviral drugs

Caesarean section

NO breast feeding

32
Q

How do we treat syphillis in a pregnant woman?

A

Penicillin treatment for. Mother and possibly baby

33
Q

What is chrioamnionitis

A

Infection of the uterine membrane

Maternal fever, premature delivery and still birth

34
Q

What infection causes infection of the uterine membranes (placenta) and is caused by hemolytic streptococci

A

Chorioamnionitis

35
Q

What can sepsis in the newborn lead to?

A

Bacterial meningitis

36
Q

Perinatal infection with STI can lead to what eye and lung problem?

A

Conjunctivitis and pneumonia

37
Q

Which bacteria can lead to sepsis in a newborn

A

E. coli

Group B streptococcus

Listeria

38
Q

Where is listeria spread? And what should pregnant women avoid

A

Unpasteurised milk, soft cheese, contaminated vegetables

Prepackaged sandwiches

39
Q

Listeria can cause neonatal septicaemia, what can this lead to?

A

Neonatal meningitis

40
Q

Listeria is a gram positive bacteria, what drug is recommended for the treatment of the infection?

A

Amoxicillin possibly gentamicin if necessary

41
Q

Which disease, carried freely in the woman GI tract or vagina asymptomatically, can result in chrioamnionitis, premature labour, abortion or still birth? It can infect transplacentally

A

Listeria

42
Q

What can Group B streptococci cause in the neonate?

A

Septicaemia and meningitis

43
Q

Which postpartum infection in the woman can cause pelvic pain, fever, pus discharge with bad smell, and delay in uterine size reduction?

A

Puerperal sepsis

44
Q

How to check for CMV in baby

A

PCR test of the urine

45
Q

What test should be carried out if suspected viral infection in baby

A

PCR test

Urine for CMV
Blood for toxoplasma, rubella, enterovirus

GERR Semester 1 (26 decks)

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