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GERR Semester 1 > Liver Pathology Lecture 12 > Flashcards

Liver Pathology Lecture 12 Flashcards

1
Q

Where is unconjugated bilirubin conjugated

A

The hepatocytes of the liver

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2
Q

What substance is conjugated bilirubin secreted into?

A

Bile

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3
Q

What gives faeces its brown colour?

A

Sterocobulin

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4
Q

What does the gut bacteria convert conjugated bilirubin into?

A

Urobilinogen

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5
Q

Which part of haemoglobin is converted into bilirubin?

A

Haem

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6
Q

Which form of bilirubin is excreted into the kidneys

A

Urobilinogen

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7
Q

What causes the faeces to become pale?

A

Less conjugated bilirubin

Or a lack of bile ie due to obstruction

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8
Q

What is choleocystitis

A

Inflammation of the gall bladder

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9
Q

What is cholangitis?

A

Inflammation of the bile ducts

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10
Q

What type of change in the liver is steatosis

A

Fatty change in the liver

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11
Q

Which, steatosis or steatohepatitis is most commonly associated with alcoholics

A

Steatohepatitis

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12
Q

What is the difference between steatohepatitis and steatosis

A

Both are fatty liver

Steatohepatitis is associated with inflammation also

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13
Q

Repeated bouts of inflammation of the hepatocytes with fatty changes is associated with what?

A

Alcoholism

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14
Q

What does repeated bouts of hepatitis due to addiction lead to in the liver?

A

Fatty changes

Inflammation

Liver cell death

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15
Q

What is the progression of fatty liver disease? 1-4

A
  1. Steatosis
  2. Steatohepatitis
  3. Fibrosis
  4. Cirrhosis (change in the liver function and structure)
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16
Q

What is steatohepatitis

A

Inflammation and fat accumulation in the liver

17
Q

What is cirrhosis of the liver?

A

It is the laying down of fibrous tissue, leading to the structural change of the liver parenchyma. Structurally abnormal lobes= ↓ liver function

18
Q

What structures in the liver don’t have the same association in cirrhosis, leading to ↓ function

A

Portal triad and central vein

19
Q

Why does cirrhosis cause jaundice?

A

Accumulation of unconjugated bilirubin due to ↓ in hepatocyte function

20
Q

Function of hepatocytes

A

Conjugate bilirubin

Protein production (clotting factors and albumin)

Toxin detoxification

21
Q

How does cirrhosis cause coagulopathies

A

Hepatocytes ↓ function

Hepatocytes form clotting factors

22
Q

Why does cirrhosis cause ascites (accumulation of fluid in peritoneal cavity)

A

↓ albumin production from hepatocytes

Portal hypertension caused by changes to triads and vessels

Fluid out

23
Q

How does cirrhosis cause portal hypertension?

A

Cirrhosis causes change to the liver parenchyma

This leads to slowing of blood coming from the portal vein

↑ blood pressure as a result

24
Q

What does portal hypertension lead to?

A

Splenomegaly

Ascites (in combination with albumin production ↓)

25
Q

Which hepatitis is fecal oral spread?

A

Hepatitis A

26
Q

Which hepatitis shows pale hepatocytes?

A

Hepatitis B

27
Q

Which hepatitis virus’ cause chronic disease?

A

Vowels

B C D

28
Q

What can chronic hepatitis lead to?

A

Cirrhosis

Hepatoceullular carcinoma (malignant cancer)

29
Q

How is hep c spread?

A

Through blood ie tattoos, blood products in haemophiliacs and IV drug users

30
Q

What does cholicyst- refer to?

A

Gall bladder

31
Q

Types of hepatitis

A

Loads

Alcoholic hepatitis and disease (bile ducts and gall bladder)

Autoimmune hepatitis

Hepatitis virus

32
Q

Which type of hepatitis presents with autoantibodies against smooth muscle

A

Autoimmune hepatitis

33
Q

Which autoimmune disease leads to destruction of epithelium of the bile ducts within the liver.

A

Primary biliary cirrhosis/cholangiopathy

34
Q

Which autoimmune hepatitis is..

  • presented with chronic pancreatitis and inflammatory bowel disease
  • mostly in males
  • shown to cause inflammation of the intra and extra hepatic bile ducts
A

Primary sclerosinng cholangitis

35
Q

Types of autoimmune liver disease

A

Autoimmune hepatitis

Primary biliary cirrhosis

Primary sclerosing cholangitis

36
Q

Diseases causing impaired hepatic excretion (autoimmune and obstruction)

A

Primary biliary cirrhosis

Primary sclerosing cholangitis

Gall stones

37
Q

Causes of hepatic cellular dysfunction

A

Hepatitis virus

Autoimmune hepatitis

CMV

Alcohol

GERR Semester 1 (26 decks)

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