Hypothalamus And Pituitary

Question 1

Anterior pituitary

Answer 1

Connected to hypothalamus via the hypophyseal portal system
Secretes many hormones which act on tissues
Contains epithelial secretory cells

Question 2

Posterior pituitary

Answer 2

Neurohypophysis
Connected to hypothalamus via axons.
Supraoptic and paraventricular regions produce 2 hormones in hypothalamus
Stored hormones in axon terminals
Released via neuronal stimulation of hypothalamus

Question 3

Ant pituitary hormones and what stimulates them

Answer 3

TSH- thyroid stimulating hormone (TRH)

LH and FSH- leutinising and follicle stimulating hormone (GRH- gonad releasing hormone)

GH- growth hormone stimulated by GHRH inhibited by GHIH

Prolactin- PIH- inhibits prolactin, PRH releases it

ACTH- adrenocorticotrophic hormone, released by CRH corticotrophin releasing hormone

Question 4

FSH and LH

Answer 4

Used in reproduction in males and females

Question 5

ACTH

Answer 5

Stimulates the release of cortisol (glucocorticoids) from the adrenal gland

Question 6

Prolactin

Answer 6

Females with babies- milk and breast production

Question 7

GH

Answer 7

Used in adolescents for growth

Adults use for carbohydrate sparing, causes fat metabolism.

Question 8

ADH

Answer 8

Posterior hypothalamus
Vasoconstriction and prevents urination
Released when stretch receptors sense a decrease in pressure or ↑ solute in blood (hypertonic)
- stimulates reabsorbtion of water from collecting ducts and DCT

Question 9

Oxytocin

Answer 9

Released in response to suckling
Release of milk from breast
Contraction during labour