Lecture 23 Micro anatomy Endocrine System Flashcards

1
Q

What do hormones do?

A

Cause a change in the metabolic activity in target tissues

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2
Q

Hypothalamus function (pituitary)

A

Provides a neural link to the endocrine system via the hypophyseal portal system

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3
Q

Location of the pituitary

A

The hypophyseal fossa of the sphenoid bone

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4
Q

Cells of the anterior pituitary and what they produce

A

Gonadotrophs- LH and FSH - stimulate gonad production

Corticotrophs - release adrenocorticotrophic hormone ACTH

Thyrotrophs- release TSH

Somatotrophs- growth hormone release

Mammotrophs- prolactin- breast milk production

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5
Q

Structure of the posterior pituitary (MAY NEED UPDATING)

A

Cell bodies coming from the paraventricular and supraoptic regions produce hormone and send it to the unmyelanated axons in the posterior pituitary

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6
Q

What hormone does the paraventricular nuclei produce?

A

Oxytocin, stored in the herring bodies in the posterior pituitary

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7
Q

What hormone does the supraoptic nuclei produce?

A

ADH, stored in the herring bodies of the posterior pituitary

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8
Q

What cell stores the hormone in the posterior pituitary

A

Herring bodies

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9
Q

What are the functional units of the thyroid and parathyroid

A

Follicular cells

C cells in the parathyroid

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10
Q

What hormone is produced by the parathyroid which lowers blood calcium levels?

A

Calcitonin

  • ↑ osteoblasts bone formation
  • in abscence of activated vitamin D
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11
Q

What do follicular cells of the thyroid produce?

A

T3 and T4

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12
Q

What is the effects of thyroid hormone in the body?

A

↑ metabolic activity
↑ heat production
↑ growth and development
↑ catecholamine effects

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13
Q

What is thyroglobulin

A

Protein in the thyroid follicular cells, from which T3 and T4 are synthesised

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14
Q

Conversion of T4 to T3 occurs

A

In the peripheral tissue

T3 is more active than T4

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15
Q

Effect of TSH on the thyroid

A

Thyroid stimulating hormone causes the release of protein bound T3 and T4, with release into the blood stream

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16
Q

Zones of the adrenal gland

A

Zona glmoerulosa = mineralocorticoids

Zona fasciluata = glucocorticoids

Zona reticularis = androgens

17
Q

Example of mineralocorticoid and its effect

A

Aldosterone
Used in homeostasis of potassium and sodium
Usually leading to sodium reabsorption with water

18
Q

Example of glucocorticoid and its effect

A

Cortisol
Increased metabolism of glucose and fatty acids (gluconeogenesis)
Response to stress ie rapid supply of glucose

19
Q

Medulla of the adrenal gland produces..

A

Chatecholamines

Eg adrenaline. Noradrenaline

20
Q

What cells produce insulin in the pancreas?

A

Β cells

21
Q

What does the pancreas produce?

A

Insulin
Glucagon
Somatostatin
Pancreatic digestive secretions

22
Q

Where does the pancreatic secretions do in the duodenum

A

They neutralise the gastric acid

23
Q

Effect of somatostatin

A

Suppresses release of insulin and glucagon