Lecture 42 Renal Pathology Flashcards
What is acute phylonephritis?
Bacterial infection of the substance of the kidney
What inflammatory cells (multilobular nucleus) are found histologically in a patient with acute phylonephritis?
Neutrophils
Urine culture shows Ecoli in the urine patient has a fever and right flank pain. What could this be?
Acute phylonephritis due to bacterial infection of the kidneys.
What bodily substance can cause ecoli culture to be found in the urine?
Faeces
What is the most common source of bacterial infection of the kidney? Give an example of a bacteria also.
Faeces
E coli
What diverse group of conditions causes injury to the glmoeruli
Glomerulopathies
2 categories
With inflammation and without
Which diverse group of conditions causes renal failure?
Glomerulopathies
What is the difference between nephrotic and nephritic syndrome?
Nephritic = with inflammation
Nephrotic = without inflammation
Which of the glomerulopathies causes haematuria, hypertension and proteinurea?
Nephritic syndrome
Which glomerulopathies causes only proteinurea?
Nephrotic syndrome
What protein is lost from the blood in both nephrotic and nephritic syndrome?
Albumin
What does ↑ albumin excretion (proteinurea) result in with the liver + blood
↑ production of lipid = hyperlipidaemia
Which cells of the glmoerulos are not working in nephrotic syndromes?
Podocytes, leading to proteinurea
Which cells are immunologically impacted in nephritic syndrome?
Endothelial cells of the glomerulous
Why is there hypertension and oligourea in nephritic syndromes?
↓ GFR due to endothelial destruction= ↑ retention of fluid
↑ fluid= ↑ BP
Which cells of the glomerulous mediate the size of molecule entering the nephron?
Podocytes
Patient (4yo) presents with oedema and a normal blood pressure. Urine dipstick shows protein present. What could this be?
Nephrotic syndrome
Not nephritic due to no ↑ BP
Define a cyst
Closed sac or cavity, lined by epithelium and especially one that contains liquid or semi solid material
What type of kidney cysts exist?
Simple cysts
Autosomal recessive cysts
Autosomal dominant cysts
Difference between
G
What causes poly cystic kidney disease?
Autosomal dominant or recessive
Genetic
What is the most common composition of kidney stones?
Calcium oxylate
What colour is the cell of renal cell carcinoma?
Clear cells
Order these types of renal stones in order of previlance
Calcium oxylate, Uric acid, Struvite
- Calcium oxylate
- Struvite
- Uric acid
What type of renal tumour is an angiomyolipoma?
Benign
What type of renal tumour is oncocytoma
Benign
What is thr characteristic of renal cell carcinomas cells?
Clear cells
What type of renal tumour is a Wilms tumour
Malignant
Renal cell carcinomas are what type of renal tumour?
Malignant
